Pawulo yandikiye Timoteyo ati:
Wirinde ku bwawe no ku nyigisho wigisha; uzikomeze kuko nugira utyo uzikizanya n’abakumva (1 Tim. 4:16).
Buri mukozi w’imana wese akwiye gushyira iyi mpanuro ku mutima, akirinda mbere na mbere ubwe, akareba neza ko arimo atanga icyitegererezo cyiza cyo kubaha Imana.
Ubwa kabiri , akwiye kwitondera cyane inyigisho yigisha, ku bw’agakiza ke k’iteka ryose kandi no ku bw’agakiza k’iteka ryose k’abamwumva bakagendera ku byo abigisha, nk’uko Pawulo yanditse mu Cyanditswe twabonye haruguru.[1] Iyo umukozi w’Imana yakiriye inyigisho z’ibinyoma cyangwa ntiyiteho kubwira abantu ukuri, bishobora kumuviramo kurimbuka iteka ryose we n’abandi.
Kandi rero nta n’icyo umukozi w’Imana uhindura abantu abigishwa yakwitwaza yigisha ibinyoma, kuko Imana yamuhaye Umwuka Wera n’Ijambo ryayo ngo bimuyobore mu kuri. Bitandukanye n’iby’abakozi b’Imana baba barahagurukijwe n’impamvu mbi usanga basubiramo gusa nka gasuku iby’abandi bigisha byamamaye mu bantu, ntibige Ijambo ubwabo, bityo bakaba bashobora kuyoba cyane mu myizerere yabo no mu byo bigisha. Kugira ngo umukozi w’Imana yirinde ibyo agomba gutunganya umutima we, akareba neza ko impamvu imusunika gukorera Imana ari ugushaka (1) kunezeza Imana (2) gufasha abantu kwitegurira kuzahagarara imbere ya Yesu, aho kwishakira kuba abatunzi gusa, gukomera no kwamamara. Na none kandi agomba kugira umwete wo kwiga Ijambo ry’Imana kugira ngo arisobanukirwe neza kandi ku buryo butabogamye. Pawulo na none yandikiye Timoteyo ati,
Ujye ugira umwete wo kwishyira Imana nk’ushimwa, umukozi udakwiriye kugira ipfunwe, ukwiriranya neza ijambo ry’ukuri (2 Tim. 2:15).
Gusoma, kwiga, no gutekereza ku Ijambo ry’Imana bigomba kuba umwitozo umukozi w’Imana akora iteka. Umwuka Wera azamufasha gusobanukirwa neza kurushaho Ijambo ry’imana uko akomeza kugira umwete wo kuryiga, bityo agashobora “gukwiriranya neza ijambo ry’ukuri.” Kimwe mu bibazo bikomereye cyane itorero muri iki gihe ni uko abakozi b’imana basobanukirwa nabi Ijambo ry’Imana hanyuma bakayobya abo bigisha. Ibyo bishobora kubaviramo akaga. Yakobo yarihanangirije ati,
Bene Data, ntihakabe benshi muri mwe bashaka kuba abigisha: muzi yuko tuzacirwa urubanza ruruta iz’abandi (Yak. 3:1).
Ku bw’iyo mpamvu ni ngombwa ko umukozi w’Imana uhindura abantu abigishwa amenya neza gusobanura Ijambo ry’Imana, afite intego yo gusobanukirwa no kugeza ku bandi neza ubusobanuro nyabwo bw’ibyanditswe ibyo ari byo byose ahuye na byo.
Gusobanura mu buryo nyabwo Ijambo ry’Imana ni kimwe no gusobanura neza amagambo y’undi muntu uwo ari we wese. Iyo dushaka gusobanukirwa neza icyo umuntu yashatse kuvuga cyangwa kwandika, hari amategeko runaka tugomba kugenderaho, amategeko ashingiye ku gushyira mu gaciro. Muri iki gice turareba amategeko atatu y’ingenzi mu gusobanura Bibiliya mu buryo bukwiye. Ayo ni aya: (1) Gusomana ubwenge (Read intelligently), (2) Gusoma ukurikije ibivugwa muri rusange (Read contextually), no (3) Gusomana ubunyangamugayo (Read honestly).
Itegeko rya 1: Gusomana ubwenge. Umva ibyo usoma nk’uko byanditswe neza neza, keretse niba ari imvugo ngereranyo igomba kumvikana nk’igishushanyo cyangwa ikimenyetso.
Ibyanditswe Byera, kimwe n’izindi nyandiko zose cyangwa ibitabo, byuzuyemo imvugo yo kugereranya ibintu n’ibindi, nk'”imvugo yitirira ikintu ikindi” (metaphors), “imvugo ikabya ibintu” (hyperboles) n’“imvugo isānisha Imana n’abantu” (anthropomorphisms). Bigomba gufatwa bityo.
Imvugo yitirira ikintu ikindi ni ukugereranya ibintu bisa ku bintu bibiri ubusanzwe bitandukanye. Ibyanditswe bikoresha iyo mvugo cyane. Hamwe umuntu ashobora kuyisanga ni nko mu magambo ya Kristo yavuze igihe yatangizaga Ifunguro Ryera:
Bakirya Yesu yenda umutsima arawushimira, arawumanyagura, awuha abigishwa be arababwira ati, “Nimwende murye, uyu ni umubiri wanjye.” Yenda igikombe aragishimira, arakibaha, arababwira ati, “Munywere kuri iki mwese, kuko aya ari amaraso yanjye y’isezerano rishya, ava ku bwa benshi ngo bababarirwe ibyaha” (Mat. 26:26-28).
Mbese Yesu yashakaga kuvuga ko umugati yari abahaye ari umubiri we koko neza neza maze na divayi banyoye ikaba ari amaraso ye koko? Ushyize mu gaciro wumva ko atari byo. Ibyanditswe bivuga neza ko ari umugati na divayi yabahaye, kandi ntacyo bivuga cy’uko byaba byarahise bihinduka ngo bibe koko umubiri n’amaraso na rimwe. Yaba Petero cyangwa Yohana nk’abantu bari bari ahongaho igihe cy’Ifunguro Ryera, nta n’umwe wigeze avuga icyo kintu mu nzandiko ze, kandi ntibyumvikana ukuntu abigishwa byari kuborohera gutangira kurya inyama z’umuntu!
Hari uvuga ati, “Jyewe kuko Yesu yavuze ko umugati na divayi ari umubiri we n’amaraso ye, ubwo rero jye ndizera ibyo Yesu yavuze!”
Na none Yesu yigeze kuvuga ko ari we rembo/urugi/umuryango (reba Yohana 10:9). None se Yesu yahereye ko aba umuryango n’amapata na serire n’ibindi koko? Yesu ubundi yavuze ko ari umuzabibu natwe tukaba amashami (reba Yohana 15:5). Mbese Yesu yahindutse koko igiti cy’umuzabibu? Twebwe se twahindutse amashami y’igiti koko? Ahandi Yesu yavuze ko ari umucyo w’isi kandi ko ari umugati wamanutse mu ijuru (reba Yohana 9:5; 6:41). None se Yesu ni umucyo akaba n’umugati icyarimwe?
Biragaragara ko aho hose ari imvugo yo kugereranya, imvugo yitirira ikintu ikindi, kugereranya ibintu ubusanzwe bidahuye ariko bikaba bifite ibintu bihuriyeho. Mu buryo bumwe Yesu yari nk‘umuryango kandi akaba nk‘umuzabibu. N’amagambo Yesu yavuze atanga Ifunguro Ryera, biragaragara ko nayo yari imvugo yitirira ikintu ikindi. Divayi yari nk’amaraso ye (mu buryo runaka). Umugati washushanyaga umubiri we (mu buryo runaka).
Imigani ya Kristo
(Christ’s Parables)
Imigani ya Kristo ni ibigereranyo (similes), ni kimwe n’imvugo yitirira ikintu ikindi, ariko mu bigereranyo ho iteka haba harimo ijambo nka, kimwe na cyangwa nuko rero. Na byo byigisha bikoresheje kugereranya ibintu bisa biri ku bintu bibiri ubusanzwe bitameze kimwe. Icyo ni ikintu cy’ingenzi umuntu agomba kwibuka igihe abisobanura, naho ubundi wakora ikosa ryo gushaka gusobanura icyo buri kantu kose kari muri buri mugani gashatse kuvuga. Imvugo yitirira ikintu ikindi n’ibigereranyo byose bigira aho bigera maze bya bintu byahurirwagaho n’ibintu byombi bikarangira ahubwo amatandukaniro yabyo agatangira kugaragara. Urugero mbwiye umugore wanjye nti, “Amaso yawe ni pisine/ibidendezi by’amazi yo kogamo (pools),” mba nshatse kuvuga ko amaso ye ari ubururu, yimbitse kandi ari ay’igikundiro. Ntabwo nshatse kuvuga ko ifi ziyogamo, ko inyoni ziyagwamo, cyangwa ko mu gihe cy’ubukonje bukabije ahinduka urubura.
Reka turebe imwe mu migani ya Yesu, kandi yose ni ibigereranyo, uwa mbere ni umugani w’urushundura:
Nuko kandi ubwami bwo mu ijuru bugereranywa n’urushundura bajugunya mu nyanja, ruroba ifi z’amoko yose. Iyo rwuzuye barukururira ku nkombe, bakicara bagatoranyamo inziza bakazishyira mu mbehe, imbi bakazita. Uko ni ko bizaba ku mperuka y’isi: abamarayika bazasohoka batoranye abanyabyaha mu bakiranutsi, babajugunye mu itanura ry’umuriro, ni ho bazaririra bakahahekenyera amenyo (Mat. 13:47-50).
Mbese ubwami bwo mu ijuru n’urushundura mu miterere yabyo ubusanzwe ni kimwe? Oya nta na mba! Biratandukanye cyane, ariko hari ibintu bicye bihuriyeho. Nk’uko ifi zisuzumwa zigatandukanywa mu bice bibiri, izikenewe n’izidakenewe, iyo zikuwe mu rushundura, ni na ko bizagenda mu bwami bwo mu ijuru. Ubu abanyabyaha n’abakiranutsi barabana baragendana, ariko umunsi umwe bazatandukanywa. Ariko aho ni ho bya bindi bihuriweho birangirira. Ifi ziroga; abantu baragenda. Abarobyi batoranya ifi. Abamarayika bazatandukanya abanyabyaha n’abakiranutsi. Ifi zitoranywa bakurikije uko ziryoha zihiye. Abantu bacirwa urubanza hakurikijwe uko bagandukiye Imana cyangwa bayigomeye. Ifi nziza zishyirwa mu bubiko imbi bakazijugunya. Abakiranutsi bazaragwa ubwami bw’Imana hanyuma abanyabyaha batabwe mu muriro.
Uyu mugani ni rwo rugero rwiza cyane rw’ukuntu buri kigereranyo na buri mvugo yitirira ikintu ikindi amaherezo byerekana ko mu by’ukuri ubundi ibigereranywa biba ntaho bihuriye kuko biba bitandukanye muri kamere yabyo. Ntidukwiye kurenga ngo dutange insobanuro irenze ibyo nyirubwite yashakaga kuvuga, ngo ibidahuye tuvuge ko bihuye. Urugero twese tuzi ko mu by’ukuri “ifi nziza” ibyazo birangirira mu nkono bayiteka, naho “ifi mbi” zisubira mu mazi zikaba zongewe undi munsi. Yesu ibyo ntiyabivuze! Byajyaga kubangamira intego ye.
Uyu mugani ntiwigisha uburyo bw'”ivugabutumwa ry’urushundura”(n’ubwo buri wese ari ko avuga), aho usanga tugerageza gukururira buri muntu wese mu itorero, ababi n’abeza, bashaka kuza cyangwa batabishaka! Uyu mugani ntuvuga ko ku nkombe z’ikiyaga ari ho hantu heza ho kuvugira ubutumwa. Uyu mugani ntunemeza ko kuzamurwa kw’itorero bizaba kw’iherezo rya cya gihe cyo gutoteza gukomeye. Nta n’ubwo uyu mugani ushaka kutubwira ko agakiza kacu ari Imana ihitamo uwo igaha n’uwo itagaha kuko za fi zatoranijwe nta cyo zari zakoze ngo abe ari zo zitoranywa. Ntugatwerere umugani wa Yesu ubusobanuro budafite ishingiro!
Kuba Maso
(Remaining Ready)
Hari undi mugani tumenyereye cyane, umugani w’abakobwa cumi:
Icyo gihe ubwami bwo mu ijuru buzagereranywa [busa] n’abakobwa cumi bajyanye amatabaza yabo, bajya gusanganira umukwe. Ariko muri abo cumi, abatanu bari abapfu, abandi batanu bari abanyabwenge. Abapfu bajyanye amatabaza yabo ntibajyana n’amavuta, ariko abanyabwenge bo bajyana amavuta mu mperezo zabo hamwe n’amatabaza yabo. Umukwe atinze bose barahunikira, barasinzira. Ariko nijoro mu gicuku habaho urusaku ngo ‘Umukwe araje, nimusohoke mumusanganire!’ Maze ba bakobwa bose barahaguruka baboneza amatabaza yabo. Abapfu babwira abanyabwenge bati, ‘Nimuduhe ku mavuta yanyu, kuko amatabaza yacu azima.’ Ariko abanyabwenge barabahakanira bati, ‘Oya, ntiyadukwira twese, ahubwo nimujye mu bahanjuzi muyigurire.’ Bagiye kugura, umukwe araza, abari biteguye binjirana na we mu bukwe, urugi rurakingwa. Hanyuma ba bakobwa bandi nabo baraza, barahamagara bati, ‘Nyakubahwa, dukingurire.’ Na we arabasubiza ati, ‘Ndababwira ukuri yuko ntabazi.’ Nuko mube maso kuko mutazi umunsi cyangwa igihe (Mat. 25:1-13).
Ni iyihe nyigisho y’ingenzi dukura muri uyu mugani? Tuyisanga mu nteruro ya nyuma: Mube maso mutegereje kugaruka k’Umwami, kuko ashobora gutinda kurusha igihe mwari mumwiteguye. Ni ibyo.
Nk’uko nari nabivuze mu gice giheruka, Yesu yaciriye uyu mugani bamwe mu bigishwa be b’inkoramutima (reba Mat. 24:3; Mariko 13:3), bigaragara ko bamukurikiraga bamugandukira cyane icyo gihe. Icyumvikana neza rero muri uyu mugani ni uko byashobokaga ko Yesu ashobora kugaruka agasanga Petero, Yakobo, Yohana na Andereya batiteguye. Ni cyo gituma Yesu yabihanangirizaga. Bityo uyu mugani uratwigisha ko bishoboka ko abiteguye uyu munsi bategereje kugaruka kwa Kristo bashobora kuzaba batiteguye igihe azaba agarutse koko. Ba bakobwa uko ari icumi ubundi bose bari batangiye biteguye, ariko batanu baza gusangwa batiteguye. Iyo umukwe aza kugaruka mbere, ba bandi bose cumi baba barashoboye kwinjira mu birori by’ubukwe.
None se kuba havugwa batanu b’abapfu na batanu b’abanyabwenge bishatse kuvuga iki? Mbese birasobanura ko Kristo nagaruka azasanga kimwe cya kabiri cy’abizera ari bo biteguye gusa? Oya.
Amavuta se asobanura iki? Arasobanura Umwuka Wera se? Oya. Bishatse se kuvuga ko ababatijwe mu Mwuka Wera ari bo bonyine bazajya mu ijuru? Oya.
Kugaruka k’umukwe hagati mu gicuku se birerekana ko Yesu azagaruka mu gicuku hagati? Oya.
Mbese kuki umukwe atabwiye ba bakobwa batanu b’abanyabwenge ngo bajye kureba bagenzi babo b’abapfu ku muryango? Iyo umukwe aza gutuma abanyabwenge gushaka ba bandi b’abapfu umugani uba waratakaje intego yawo, kuko amaherezo ba batanu b’abapfu na bo bari kwinjira.
Ahāri twavuga ko bitewe n’uko ba bakobwa b’abapfu batari bagifite urumuri bigiriye kuryama, bityo rero abizera batangiye kugendera mu mwijima wo mu buryo bw’umwuka barasinzira mu mwuka, nuko bikabageza ku gucirwaho iteka. Ahāri na none umuntu yagereranya ibi birori by’ubukwe bivugwa muri uyu mugani n’ibirori by’ubukwe bw’Umwana w’intama bizaba mu ijuru; aho ni ho umuntu yagarukira adashatse kwishyiriraho ibye umugani ubwawo utavuga cyangwa ngo ajye gusobanura buri kantu kose kavugwa mu mugani.
Kwera Imbuto
(Bearing Fruit)
Ngirango nabēra nta nsobanuro mbi nigeze numva nk’iyo numvanye umuvugabutumwa umwe asobanura ibya wa mugani wa Kristo w’amasaka n’urukungu. Reka tubanze tuwusome:
Nuko abacira undi mugani aravuga ati, “Ubwami bwo mu ijuru bugereranywa [busa] n’umuntu wabibye imbuto nziza mu murima we, nuko abantu basinziriye, umwanzi araza abiba urukungu mu masaka ye, aragenda. Nuko amaze kumera no kwera, urukungu na rwo ruraboneka. Abagaragu be baraza babaza umutware bati, “Mutware, ntiwabibye imbuto nziza mu murima wawe? None urukungu rurimo rwavuye he?” Ati, “Umwanzi ni we wagize atyo!” Abagaragu baramubaza bati, “Noneho urashaka ko tugenda tukarurandura?” Na we ati, “Oya; ahari nimurandura urukungu murarurandura n’amasaka, mubireke bikurane byombi bigere igihe cyo gusarurwa. Mu isarura nzabwira abasaruzi nti, ‘Mubanze muteranye urukungu muruhambire imitwaro rutwikwe, maze amasaka muyahunike mu kigega cyanjye'” (Mat. 13:24-30).
Dore rero uko uwo muvugabutumwa yawusobanuraga:
Biragaragara ko igihe amasaka yameraga n’urukungu rukamera byombi byasaga cyane. Nta muntu n’umwe wagashoboye kubitandukanya. Uko ni na ko bimeze mu isi no mu itorero. Nta n’umwe ushobora kumenya umukristo nyakuri ngo amutandukanye n’utizera. Ntiwabamenyera ku buryo bitwara mu mibereho yabo, kuko abakristo benshi ntaho batandukaniye n’abatizera mu kutumvira Kristo. Imana yonyine ni yo izi imitima yabo, ku mperuka izabavangura. .
Birumvikana rwose ko icyo atari cyo uwo mugani w’urukungu mu masaka ushaka kuvuga! Mu by’ukuri uwo mugani uravuga ahubwo ko abizera byoroshye cyane kubamenya ukabatandukanya n’abapagani. Urabona ko igihe amasaka yari amaze kumera no kwera abagaragu bamenye ko hatewemo urukungu (reba umurungo wa 26). Urukungu nta mbuto rwera; icyo ni cyo umuntu amenyeraho bitamuruhije ko ari urukungu. Ndumva bifite icyo bivuga kubona Yesu yaratoranyije ko ikintu kitagira imbuto nk’urukungu ari cyo agereranya n’abanyabyaha bazateranyirizwa hamwe ku munsi w’imperuka maze bagatabwa mu muriro.
Iby’ingenzi uyu mugani ushatse kuvuga biragaragara cyane: Abakijijwe nyakuri bera imbuto; abadakijijwe nta mbuto bera. N’ubwo Imana itaracira iteka ku banyabyaha babana n’abakijijwe, umunsi umwe izabatandukanya n’abakiranutsi maze ibajugunye mu muriro.
Ubundi Yesu uyu mugani wo yanawutangiye insobanuro, nta n’impamvu yatuma umuntu yimena umutwe ashakisha ibindi birenze uko yawusobanuye:
Ubiba imbuto nziza ni Umwana w’umuntu, umurima ni isi, imbuto nziza ni zo bana b’ubwami, urukungu ni abana b’Umubi, umwanzi warubibye ni Umwanzi, isarura ni imperuka y’isi, Abasaruzi ni abamarayika. Nk’uko urukungu rurandurwa rugatwikwa, ni ko bizaba ku mperuka y’isi. Umwana w’umuntu azatuma abamarayika be, bateranye ibintu bigusha byose n’inkozi z’ibibi babikure mu bwami bwe, babajugunye mu itanura ry’umuriro. Ni ho bazaririra bakahahekenyera amenyo. Icyo gihe abakiranutsi bazarabagirana nk’izuba mu bwami bwa se. Ufite amatwi niyumve. (Mat. 13:36-43).
Imvugo ikabya
(Hyperbole)
Indi mvugo ikunze kuboneka cyane muri Bibiliya ni imvugo ikabya/ihanika (hyperbole). Iyo mvugo ikoreshwa mu buryo bwo gukabya ishusho y’ibintu cyane ugamije kubishimangira no kumvikanisha uburemere bwabyo. Iyo umubyeyi abwiye umwana we ati, “Naguhamagaye incuro igihumbi ngo utahe uze kurya,” ni iyo mvugo iba ikoreshejwe. Urugero rw’iyo mvugo ikabya muri Bibiliya twarufatira kuri ya magambo ya Yesu avuga ngo umuntu akwiye guca ikiganza cye cy’iburyo akagita:
N’ikiganza cyawe cy’iburyo nikikugusha, ugice ugite kure. Ibyiza ni uko wabura urugingo rwawe rumwe, biruta ko umubiri wawe wose wajugunywa muri Gehinomu (Mat. 5:30).
Niba Yesu yarashakaga kuvuga koko ko buri wese muri twe ukoze icyaha agikoresheje ikiganza cye cy’iburyo agomba kugica akagita, twese ntawe uba agifite ikiganza cy’iburyo! Birumvikana ko gukora ibyaha mu by’ukuri bidaturuka ku biganza byacu. Ahubwo ikigaragara cyane ni uko Yesu yarimo atwigisha ko icyaha gishobora kuduta muri Gehinomu, kandi ko uburyo bwo kukirinda ari ugukuraho ibitugerageza n’ibindi bintu byose byashobora kutugusha.
Imvugo Isānisha Imana n’abantu
(Anthropomorphism)
Imvugo ya gatatu iboneka mu Byanditswe Byera ni imvugo isānisha Imana n’abantu (anthropomorphism). Iyo mvugo ikoresha uburyo bwo kwitirira Imana ibintu ubusanzwe bigirwa n’abantu, intego ari ugufasha abantu gusobanukirwa Imana neza. Urugero dusoma mu Itangiriro 11:5 ngo:
Uwiteka amanurwa no kureba umudugudu n’inzu ndende, abana b’abantu bubatse (Itang. 11:5).
Iyi ni imvugo yo gusānisha Imana n’abantu kuko bitumvikana ukuntu Imana izi byose igomba gufata urwo rugendo rwose rwo kuva mu ijuru ijya i Babeli kugenzura inyubako abantu bazamuye!
Abahanga b’abashakashatsi ba Bibiliya bavuga ko amagambo yose ya Bibiliya avuga ku bice by’umubiri w’Imana, nk’amaboko yayo, ibiganza, izuru, amaso n’umusatsi, ari iyo mvugo isānisha Imana n’abantu. Bakavuga ko mu by’ukuri, Imana ishobora byose idafite bene ibyo bice by’umubiri nk’abantu.
Ariko jye sinemeranya na bo bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye. Ubwa mbere, kubera ko Ibyanditswe bivuga ko twaremwe mu ishusho y’Imana:
Imana iravuga iti, “Tureme umuntu mu ishusho yacu ase natwe” (Itang. 1:26).
Bamwe bashobora kuvuga ko twaremwe mu ishusho y’ Imana tugasa na yo mu buryo gusa bw’uko dufite natwe ubushobozi bwo kwimenya tukamenya ko turiho (self-awareness), tukagira inshingano zo kumenya ko tugomba kwitwara neza mu bunyangamugayo, ubushbozi bwo gutekereza n’ibindi. Nyamara reka dusome andi magambo asa cyane n’ayo mu Itangiriro 1:26, avugwa nyuma y’ibice bicye gusa ukomeje gusoma uvuye aho:
Kandi Adamu amaze imyaka ijana na mirongo itatu avutse, abyara umuhungu ufite ishusho ye, usa na we, amwita Seti (Itang. 5:3).
Ibi biragaragaza nta gushidikanya ko Seti yasaga na se mu buryo agaragara mu miterere ye y’umubiri. Niba ari cyo bisobanura rero mu Itangiriro 5:3, ntitwashidikanya ko na none ayo magambo amwe ari cyo avuga mu Itangiriro 1:26. Imyumvire myiza n’insobanuro ishyize mu gaciro bikumvisha ko ibyo ari cy bivuga.
Byongeye kandi hari Ibyanditswe Byera bivuga imiterere y’Imana byanditswe n’abantu bayibonye. Urugero ni Mose ari kumwe n’abandi Bisirayeli mirongo irindwi na batatu babonye Imana:
Maze Mose na Aroni na Nadabu na and Abihu, n’abakuru b’Abisirayeli mirongo irindwi bareba Imana y’Abisirayeli: munsi y’ibirenge byayo hameze nk’amabuye ashashwe ya safiro ibonerana, ahwanye n’ijuru ry’umupyēmure ubwaryo. Kandi abatoranijwe b’Abisirayeli ntiyarambura ikiganza cyayo ngo ibarwanye. Bareba Imana, bararya, baranywa (Kuva 24:9-11).
Iyo uza kubaza Mose niba Imana ifite ibiganza n’ibirenge, urumva aba yarakubwiye ngo iki?[2]
Umuhanuzi Daniyeli na we yeretswe Imana Data n’Imana Umwana:
Nkomeza kwitegereza kugeza aho bashyiriyeho intebe z’ubwami, haza Umukuru nyir’ibihe byose [Imana Data] aricara. Imyambaro ye yeraga nka shelegi, umusatsi we wasaga nk’ubwoya bw’intama bwera. Intebe y’ubwami bwe yasaga n’ibirimi by’umuriro ugurumana. Imbere ye hatembaga umuriro, uduhambagiza baramukoreraga kandi inzovu incuro inzovu bari bamuhagaze imbere. Imanza zirashingwa, ibitabo birabumburwa ….Hanyuma nkitegereza ibyo neretswe nijoro, mbona haje usa n’umwana w’umuntu [Imana Umwana] aziye mu bicu byo mu ijuru, aza umujyo umwe asanga wa Mukuru nyir’ibihe byose bamumugeza imbere. Nuko ahabwa ubutware n’icyubahiro n’ubwami, kugira ngo abantu b’amoko yose y’indimi zitari zimwe bajye bamukorera. Ubutware bwe ni ubutware bw’iteka ryose butazashira, kandi ubwami bwe ni ubwami butazakurwaho (Dan. 7:9-10, 13-14).
Iyo uza kubaza Daniyeli niba Imana igira umusatsi wera cyangwa niba iteye ku buryo ishobora kwicara ku ntebe, urumva yari kukubwira iki?
Nshingiye kuri ibyo byose, jye nemera neza ko Imana Data ifite ukuntu iteye mu buryo bw’icyubahiro n’ubwiza ariko ikaba imeze nk’umuntu, n’ubwo yo ari umwuka ikaba idafite inyama n’amaraso (reba Yohana 4:24).
Mbese wakoresha ute ubushishozi mu Byanditswe kugira ngo umenye niba wabifata nk’uko ubisoma cyangwa niba ari ibigereranyo cyangwa ibishushanyo? Ubundi ibyo ntibyaruhanyije ku muntu wese utekereza neza. Ibyanditswe byose ubifate nk’uko byanditswe, keretse niba nta bundi buryo bw’ubwenge bwakoreshwa uretse gusobanura ibyanditswe mu buryo bw’imigani. Urugero nk’ubuhanuzi bwo mu Isezerano rya Kera hamwe n’igitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe, biragaragara ko birimwo ibigereranyo n’ibishushanyo byinshi, bimwe muri byo birasobanuye, ibindi nta busobanuro. Ariko ibyo bigereranyo usanga bitaruhije kubisobanukirwa.
Itegeko rya 2: Soma ukurikije ibivugwa muri rusange (contextually). Buri gice cyose cyo mu Byanditswe kigomba gusobanurwa hakurikijwe ibindi bice bigikikije ndetse na Bibiliya yose. Kandi n’amateka n’umuco bigomba gutekerezwaho igihe cyose bishoboka.
Gusoma Ibyanditswe utitaye ku kivugwa muri rusange aho ngaho no muri Bibiliya yose bishobora kuba ari yo ntandaro ya mbere ituma abantu bagoreka Ibyanditswe.
Birashoboka kuvugisha Bibiliya ibyo ushaka kuyivugisha byose ufashe agace gato ukwako ukagatandukanya n’andi magambo biri kumwe. Urugero, wari uzi ko Bibiliya ivuga ko Imana itabaho? Muri Zaburi 14 haranditswe ngo, “Nta Mana iriho” (Zab. 14:1). Dushatse gusobanura ayo magambo neza nyamara, tugomba kuyasomana n’andi biri kumwe: “Umupfapfa ajya yibwira ati, ‘Nta Mana iriho'” (Zab. 14:1). Noneho uyu murongo uhinduye cyane insobanuro!
Urundi rugero: Nigeze kumva umuvugabutumwa yigisha avuga ko abakristo bagomba “kubatizwa mu muriro.” Atangira kubwiriza yasomye amagambo ya Yohana Umubatiza ari muri Matayo 3:11: “Jyeweho ndababatirisha amazi ngo mwihane, ariko uzaza hanyuma yanjye andusha ubushobozi, ntibinkwiriye no kumutwaza inkweto. Ni we uzababatirisha Umwuka Wera n’umuriro.”
Ashingira kuri uwo murongo maze arabwiriza. Ndibuka avuga ati, “Kuba warabatijwe mu Mwuka Wera gusa ntibihagije! Yesu arashaka kukubatiza no mu muriro nk’uko Yohana Umubatiza yavuze!” Arakomeza ati iyo tumaze “kubatizwa mu muriro,” twuzura ishyaka ryo gukorera Umwmi. Hanyuma arangije ahamagara abantu bashaka “kubatizwa mu muriro.”
Ikibabaje, uwo muvugabutumwa yakoze ikosa rikunze gukorwa ryo gufata ijambo ukarikura mu yandi biri kumwe.
Yohana Umubatiza yashakaga kuvuga iki avuga ko Yesu azabatiza mu muriro? Igisubizo ukibona usomye imirongo ibiri ibanziriza uwo murongo n’undi umwe uwukurikira. Reka dutangirire kuri iyo ibiri iwubanziriza. Yohana arababwihana arababwira ati:
Ntimukibwire muti, “Dufite Aburahamu ni we sogokuruza”; ndandababwira yuko Imana ibasha guhindurira Aburahamu abana muri aya mabuye. Ndetse ubu intorezo igezwe ku bishyitsi by’ibiti, nuko igiti cyose kitera imbuto nziza kizacibwa, kijugunywe mu muriro (Mat. 3:9-10).
Icya mbere tubonamo ni uko abenshi mu bari bateze Yohana amatwi ari Abayuda bumvaga ko agakiza kabo gashingiye ku nkomoko yabo. Bityo rero iyi nyigishBityo rero iyi nyigisho ya Yohana kwari ukubwiriza.
Ikindi tubona ni uko Yohana yarimo aburira abantu yuko abadakijijwe bari mu kaga ko kuzatabwa mu muriro. Umuntu yaba ashyize mu gaciro avuze ko “umuriro” Yohana avuga mu murongo wa 10 ari na wo avuga mu murongo wa 11.
Ibi birushaho gusobanuka neza ndetse iyo dusomye umurongo wa 12:
“Intara ye iri mu kuboko kwe kandi azeza imbuga ye cyane, amasaka ye azayahunika mu kigega, ariko umurama wo azawucanisha umuriro utazima” (Mat. 3:12).
Haba mu murongo wa 10 no mu wa 12, hombi umuriro Yohana avuga ni umuriro wa Gehinomu. Mu murongo wa 12, aravuga mu buryo bugereranya bwo kwitirira ikintu ikindi avuga koYesu azagabanya abantu mo ibice bibiri–amasaka, ari yo “azashyira mu kigega,” n’umurama azacanisha “umuriro utazima.”
Dukurikije imirongo ikikije uwo murongo, Yohana agomba kuba yarashakaga kuvuga mu murongo wa 11 ko Yesu azabatiza bamwe mu Mwuka Wera, niba ari abizera, abandi akababatiza mu muriro, niba ari abatizera. Ubwo ari uko bimeze nta muntu ukwiye kwigisha ko abakristo bagomba kubatizwa mu muriro!
Turenze igice cy’ibyanditswe iyo mirongo irimo, tugomba no kureba icyo ibindi Byanditswe byose by’Isezerano Rishya bivuga. Mbese hari aho dushobora kubona urugero mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa rw’abakristo bavugwa ko “babatijwe mu muriro”? Oya. Ikintu gipfa kujya gusa n’ibyo ni uburyo Luka avuga uko ku munsi wa pantekote byagenze ubwo abigishwa babatizwaga mu Mwuka Wera indimi z’umuriro zikagaragara ku mitwe yabo. Ariko Luka ntabwo yigeze avuga ko kwari “ukubatizwa mu muriro.” Cyangwa se hari aho dushobora kubona na hamwe mu nzandiko zitandukanye zandikiwe abakristo, aho baba barigeze bahugurirwa “kubatizwa mu muriro”? Oya. Ni cyo gituma nta mpungenge mu kwanzura tuvuga ko nta mukristo ukwiriye gushaka umubatizo wo mu muriro.
Ubutumwa bw’ibinyoma buturuka ku Byanditswe Byera
( A False Gospel Derived From Scripture)
Kenshi na kenshi ubutumwa bwiza ubwabwo bujya butangwa nabi n’abavugabutumwa n’abigisha bumva nabi Ibyanditswe kuko badashoboye gusobanukirwa ibyo icyo gice cyose ibyo Byanditswe birimo gishatse kuvuga muri rusange. Ni yo mpamvu inyigisho z’ibinyoma zigwiriye ku byerekeye ubuntu bw’Imana.
Urugero, amagambo ya Pawulo mu Abefeso 2:8 avuga ko agakiza ari ku buntu atari ku bw’imirimo, yakoreshejwe nabi hanyuma bayabyazamo ubutumwa bw’ibinyoma bitewe no kudasobanukirwa icyo yari abivugiye igihe yabivugiye n’uburyo yabivuzemo. Pawulo yaranditse ati:
Mwakijijwe n’ubuntu ku bwo kwizera, ntibyavuye kuri mwe ahubwo ni impano y’Imana. Ntibyavuye no ku mirimo kugira ngo hatagira umuntu wirarira (Ef. 2:8-9).
Abenshi bibanda kuri ayo magambo gusa ya Pawulo avuga ku gukizwa n’ubuntu atari ku bw’imirimo. Bahereye aho bagatana, ku buryo bunyuranyije n’icyo amagana y’ibindi Byanditswe yemeza, bakavuga ko gukizwa ntaho bihuriye no kwera no gukiranuka. Bamwe ndetse bajya kure bakageza n’aho bavuga ko ku bw’iyo mpamvu kwihana atari ngombwa ngo umuntu akizwe. Uru ni urugero rufatika rw’ukuntu Ibyanditswe bigorekwa bitewe n’uko icyo igice byanditswemo kivuga muri rusange kitumvikanye.
Reka tubanze turebe icyo mu by’ukuri ayo magambo avuga mu bwuzure bwayo. Pawulo ntavuga ko twakijijwe n’ubuntu, ahubwo avuga ko twakijijwe n’ubuntu ku bwo kwizera. Kwizera, kimwe n’ubuntu, ni kimwe mu bigomba kuhaba kugira ngo agakiza kabeho. Ibyanditswe byemeza ko kwizera kutagira imirimo ntacyo kumaze, kuba gupfuye, kandi ntigushobora gukiza (reba Yak. 2:14-26). Bityo rero Pawulo ntavuga ko gukiranuka ntacyo bimaze mu gakiza. Aravuga ko imbaraga zacu atari zo zidukiza; ishingiro ry’agakiza kacu ni ubuntu bw’Imana. Ntitwari gushobora gukizwa iyo hatabaho ubuntu bw’Imana, ariko mu by’ukuri igihe twakiriye ubwo buntu bw’Imana mu kwizera ni ho agakiza kabaho mu bugingo bwacu. Iteka agakiza gakurikirwa no kumvira, ni yo mbuto yo kwizera kuzima. Tutagiye kure tukareba gusa umurongo ukurikiraho icyo uvuga, ibyo birumvikana neza. Pawulo aravuga ati:
Kuko turi abo yaremye ituremeye imirimo myiza muri Kristo Yesu, iyo Imana yiteguriye kera kugira ngo tuyigenderemo (Ef. 2:10).
Impamvu rero twahinduwe bashya n’Umwuka Wera, ubu tukaba turi ibyaremwe bishya muri Kristo, kwari ukugira ngo dushbore kugendera mu mirimo myiza yo kumvira. Uko Pawulo rero avuga agakiza biteye bitya:
Ubuntu + Kwizera = Gukizwa + Kumvira
Bishatse kuvuga ngo, ubuntu wongeyeho kwizera bibyara (cyangwa bitanga) gukizwa hamwe no kumvira. Iyo ubuntu bw’Imana bwakiriwe hakabaho kwizera, iteka icyo bibyara ni agakiza n’imirimo myiza.
Nyamara abatandukanyije amagambo ya Pawulo n’ibindi Byanditswe biri kumwe na yo, baremangatanije ishusho y’agakiza iteye itya:
Ubuntu + Kwizera – Kumvira = Agakiza
Biravuga ko, ubuntu woneyeho kwizera hatarimo (cyangwa ukuyemo) kumvira bibyara (cyangwa bitanga) gukizwa. Ukurikije Bibiliya ubwo ni ukuyoba.
Iyo dukomeje gusoma gato tukareba ibindi Byanditswe biri kumwe n’ayo magambo Pawulo yavuze, na none duhita duhishurirwa ko muri Efeso ibintu byari bimeze nk’uko byameraga ahandi hose Pawulo yabwirizaga ubutumwa bwiza. Ni ukuvuga ko Abayuda bigishaga abizeye bashya bo mu banyamahanga ko bagomba gukebwa no kubahiriza imwe mu mihango yo mu mategeko ya Mose niba bashaka gukizwa. Ni imirimo yo gukebwa n’indi mihango Pawulo yari afite mu bitekerezo igihe yavugaga ko gukizwa kwacu bitavuye no ku “mirimo” (reba Ef. 2:11-22).
Iyo dukomeje tukigera imbere dusoma, kugira ngo twongere turebe muri rusange icyo urwandiko rwa Pawulo rwavugaga yandikira Abefeso, tubona neza ko Pawulo yizeraga ko kwera no gukiranuka ari ngombwa cyane kugira ngo umuntu akizwe:
Ariko gusambana n’ibyonona byose no kurarikira ntibikavugwe rwose muri mwe nk’uko bikwiriye abera, cyangwa ibiteye isoni cyangwa amagambo y’ubupfu, cyangwa amashyengo mabi kuko ibyo bidakwiriye, ahubwo mushime Imana. Kuko ibi mubizi neza yuko ari nta musambanyi cyangwa ukora ibyonona cyangwa urarikira, ari we usenga ibigirwamana, ufite ibyo azaragwa mu bwami bwa Kristo n’Imana. Ntihakagire umuntu ubohēsha amagambo y’ubusa, kuko ibyo ari byo bizanira umujinya w’Imana abatayumvira (Ef. 5:3-6).
Iyo Pawulo aza kuba yizera ko ubuntu bw’Imana buhagije gukiza umusambanyi udashaka kubivamo, cyangwa ukora ibyonona cyangwa urarikira, ntaba yarigeze yandika aya magambo. Icyo Pawulo yari agamije kuvuga mu magambo yanditse mu Abefeso 2:8-9 gishobora kumvikana neza gusa ufatiye ayo magambo muri rusange rw’urwandiko rwe rwose yandikiye Abefeso.
Uko Igitabo cy’Abagalatiya cyagoretswe
(The Galatian Fiasco)
Amagambo ya Pawulo mu rwandiko rwe yandikiye Abagalatiya na yo yasobanuwe hadakurikijwe impamvu rusange y’urwandiko. Icyo byabyaye ni ukugoreka ubutumwa bwiza, kandi ari byo nyine Pawulo yashakaga gukosora yandikira Abagalatiya.
Inanganyamatsiko y’urwandiko rwa Pawulo yandikira Abagalatiya ni “Agakiza gaheshwa no kwizera, ntibituruka ku mirimo y’amategeko.” Ariko se Pawulo yari agamije ko abazasoma urwandiko rwe bazumva ko kwera no gukiranuka atari ngombwa kugira ngo wemererwe kwinjira mu bwami bw’Imana? Birumvikana ko atari byo.
Ubwa mbere turabona ko aha na none Pawulo yarwanaga n’Abayuda bari baje i Galatiya bakajya bigisha abizeye bashya ko badashobora gukizwa badakebwe kandi batubahirije amategeko ya Mose. Pawulo avuga kenshi mu rwandiko rwe kuri icyo kintu cyo gukebwa by’umwihariko, kuko bigaragara ko abo banyamategeko b’Abayuda ari cyo bibandagaho cyane (reba Gal. 2:3, 7-9, 12; 5:2-3, 6, 11; 6:12-13, 15). Pawulo ntiyari ahangayikishijwe n’uko abizera b’Abagalatiya barimo bakabya cyane kumvira amategeko ya Kristo; yari ahangayikishijwe n’uko kwizera kwabo batakigushyira kuri Kristo ku bwo gukizwa kwabo, ahubwo bakagushyira ku gukebwa no mu kugerageza gukurikiza amategeko ya Mose.
Iyo tureba impamvu muri rusange y’urwandiko rwa Pawulo yandikiye Abagalatiya, tubona ko mu gice cya 5 yandika ati:
Ariko niba muyoborwa n’Umwuka, ntimuba mugitwarwa n’amategeko. Dore imirimo ya kamere iragaragara ni iyi: gusambana no gukora ibiteye isoni n’iby’isoni nke, no gusenga ibishushanyo, no kuroga no kwangana no gutongana, n’ishyari n’umujinya n’amahane, no kwitandukanya no kwirema ibice, no kugomanwa no gusinda, n’ibiganiro bibi n’ibindi bias bityo. Ndababwira hakiri kare nk’uko nababwiye kera, yuko abakora ibisa bityo batazaragwa ubwami bw’Imana (Gal. 5:18-21).
Iyo Pawulo aza kuba agamije ko Abagalatiya bumva ko babaho ubuzima butejejwe kandi bakazajya mu ijuru, ntaba yarigeze yandika narimwe amagambo nk’ayo. Ubutumwa bwe ntibwavugaga ko abantu batejejwe bashobora kujya mu ijuru, ahubwo yavugaga ko abahindura ubusa ubuntu bw’Imana n’igitambo cya Kristo bagerageza kugera ku gakiza ku bwo gukebwa n’amategeko ya Mose badashobora gukizwa. Si ugukebwa kuzana agakiza. Kwizera Yesu ni byo bitanga agakiza gahindura abizera ibyaremwe bishya byera:
Kuko gukebwa kutagira umumaro cyangwa kudakebwa, keretse kuba ikiremwa gishya (Gal. 6:15).
Na none ibi byose ni ukutwereka ko ari ngombwa cyane kureba muri rusange ikigamijwe mu gice Ibyanditswe birimo kugira ngo ubisobanukirwe neza. Uburyo bumwe gusa ubutumwa bwiza bushobora kugorekwa biciye mu Ijambo ry’Imana ni mu kudasobanukirwa icyo Ibyanditswe byose ubifatiye hamwe muri rusange bishatse kuvuga (context). Dushobora gusa kwibaza ku mitima y'”abakozi b’Imana” bakora bene ibyo mu buryo bigaragara cyane ko babikoze babigambiriye.
Urugero, nigeze kumva umuvugabutumwa avuga ko tutagomba narimwe kuvuga ijambo “umujinya w’Imana” igihe tubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza, ngo kuko Bibiliya ivuga ngo, “kugira neza kw’Imana ni ko kukurehereza kwihana” (Rom. 2:4). Ngo bityo rero, uburyo nyabwo bwo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza ni ukuvuga gusa ku rukundo rw’Imana no kugira neza kwayo. Ngo ibyo byatuma abantu bagera ku kwihana.
Nyamara iyo turebeye uwo murongo mu byanditswe umuvugabutumwa yawukuyemo, igice cya kabiri cy’igitabo cy’Abaroma, tubona ko uwo murongo ukikijwe n’ibyanditswe bivuga ku rubanza rw’Imana n’umujinya wayo wera! Igihita kigaragara muri ibyo byanditswe ni uko bidashoboka na gato ko ibyo Pawulo yashakaga kuvuga byagira aho bihurira n’ibyo uwo muvugabutumwa yabwirizaga:
Ariko tuzi yuko iteka Imana izacira ku bakora bene ibyo ari iry’ukuri. Wowe muntu ucira urubanza abakora bene ibyo nawe ukabikora, mbese wibwira yuko uzakira iteka ry’Imana, kandi usuzugura ubutunzi bwo kugira neza kwayo, n’ubw’imbabazi zayo, n’ubwo kwihangana? Ntuzi yuko kugira neza kw’Imana ari ko kukurehereza? Ariko kuko ufite umutima unangiye utihana, wirindirije umujinya uzaba ku munsi w’uburakari, ubwo amateka y’ukuri y’Imana azahishurwa, kuko Imana izītura umuntu wese ibikwiriye ibyo yakoze. Abashaka ubwiza n’icyubahiro no kudapfa, babishakisha gukora ibyiza badacogora, izabītura ubugingo buhoraho. Ariko abafite imitima ikunda kwirema ibice ntibumvire iby’ukuri ahubwo bakumvira gukiranirwa, izabītura umujinya n’uburakari n’amakuba n’ibyago. Ni byo izateza umuntu wese ukora ibyaha, uhereye ku Muyuda ukageza ku Mugiriki (Rom. 2:2-9).
Kugira neza kw’Imana Pawulo avuga ni uburyo Imana itinza umujinya wayo! Umuntu rero akibaza ukuntu umukozi w’Imana ashobora kuvuga ibintu nk’ibyo bidafite ishingiro, kandi areba ukuntu Bibiliya yuzuye ingero nyinshi z’abavugabutumwa baburiraga abanyabyaha mu ruhame babahamagarira kwihana.
Kutivuguruza kw’Ibyanditswe byera
(Scripture’s Consistency)
Bitewe n’uko Bibiliya yahumetswe n'”Umuntu” umwe, ubutumwa bwayo ni bumwe kuva ku ntangiriro ukageza ku iherezo ryayo. Iyo ni yo mpamvu dushobora kwiringira ko uburyo bwo gukoresha icyo ibyanditswe bivuga muri rusange (context) bwadufasha kumenya icyo Imana yari igamije kuvuga mu gice icyo ari cyo cyose cy’Ibyanditswe. Ntabwo Imana yavuga ikintu mu murongo umwe ngo kivuguruze undi murongo, kandi iyo bibaye nk’aho byumvikana bityo, tugomba gukomeza tugacukumbura kugeza ubwo imyumvire yacu kuri iyo mirongo yombi ihuza. Urugero, nko muri ya nyigisho ya Yesu yigishiriza ku musozi, bias nk’aho wagira ngo yavuguruzaga cyangwa agakosora amategeko yo mu Isezerano rya Kera. Urugero:
Mwumvise ko byavuzwe ngo, “ijisho rihōrerwe irindi, n’iryinyo rihōrerwe irindi.” Ariko jyewe ho ndababwira kutabuza umuntu mubi kubagirira nabi: ugukubise urushyi mu musaya w’iburyo, umuhindurire n’uw’ibumoso (Mat. 5:38-39).
Yesu yavugaga ibyanditswe mu mategeko ya Mose hanyuma ako kanya agahera ko avuga ibintu bisa nk’aho bivuguruza ayo mategeko yavuze. Wasobanura ute ibyo yavuze? Mbese Imana yaba yarahinduye imyumvire yayo ku byerekeranye n’uko abantu bakwiye kwifata? Mbese kwihōrera byari byemewe mu Isezerano rya Kera ariko mu Rishya bikaba bibujijwe? Kurebera hamwe muri rusange icyo ibyanditswe bivuga ni byo byadufasha gusobanukirwa.
Abo Yesu yabwiraga mbere na mbere ni abigishwa be (reba Mat. 5:1-2), abantu bari barumvise Ijambo ry’Imana biciye gusa mu nyigisho z’Abafarisayo n’abanditsi bigishirizaga mu masinagogi yabo. Aho ni ho bari barumviye amategeko y’Imana avugwa ngo, “Ijisho rihorwe irindi, n’iryinyo rihorwe irindi,” itegeko Abafarisayo n’abanditsi bari baragoretse ubusobanuro bwaryo bitewe no kutumva uko ibyanditswe biri kumwe naryo bivuga muri rusange. Ntabwo intego y’Imana yari uko iryo tegeko risobanurwa mu buryo bw’uko abantu bayo bagomba iteka kwihōrera ku gakosa ako ari ko kose bakorewe. Mu by’ukuri ahubwo mu mategeko ya Mose yavuze ko guhōra ari ukwayo (reba Guteg. 32:35), kandi ko abantu bayo bagomba kugirira neza abanzi babo (reba Kuva 23:4-5). Ariko abanditsi n’Abafarisayo birengagije ayo mategeko maze bihimbira insobanuro yabo y’itegeko ry’Imana ry’ “ijisho ku rindi”, ari ryo ryabaye intandaro yo kumva bafite uburenganzira bwo kwihōrera.[3] Ntibitaye ku cyo ibyanditswe bivuga muri rusange.
Itegeko ry’Imana ku byerekeye “ijisho ku jisho, n’iryinyo ku ryinyo” turisanga mu bijyanye n’amategeko y’Imana agaragaza uko ubutabera bukwiye kugenda mu nkīko za Isirayeli (reba Kuva 21:22-24; Guteg. 19:15-21). Gushyiraho imikorere y’inkīko ubwabyo biragaragaza ko Imana itishimiraga ibyo kwihōrera. Abacamanza batabera bashishoza bagashingira ku bimenyetso ni bo bashobora guca urubanza neza batabogamye kurusha abantu bahemukiwe bafite uruhande bamaze kubogamiramo. Imana icyo ishaka ni uko inkīko n’abacamanza bagena batabogamye ibihano bikwiranye neza neza n’ibyaha byakozwe. Ari byo rero bivugwa ngo, “ijisho ku jisho, n’iryinyo ku ryinyo.”
Ubwo bimeze bityo rero, noneho dushobora guhuza ibyasaga nk’aho bivuguruzanya. Yesu we yarimo afasha abamuteze amatwi, abantu bari barigishijwe inyigisho z’ibinyoma ubuzima bwabo bwose, abafasha gusobanukirwa neza ubushake nyakuri bw’Imana ku byo kwihōrera, kuko byari byarahishuwe mu mategeko ya Mose ariko bikagorekwa n’Abafarisayo. Yesu ntiyarimo avuguruza amategeko yahaye Mose. Ahubwo yerekanaga gusa insobanuro yayo y’umwimerere.
Ibi na none bidufasha kumva neza icyo Yesu adushakaho ku byerekeranye n’amakimbirane akomeye, bene ya yandi yatuma tujya mu rukiko. Imana ntiyashakaga ko hari akantu na gato kakwirengangizwa mu byaha Umwisirayeli yagiriwe na mugenzi we w’Umwisirayeli, bitari ibyo ntiyakabaye yarashyizeho uburyo bw’inkiko. Ni na ko kandi Imana idashaka ko hagira icyaha na kimwe kirengagizwa mu byo Umukristo yahemukiwe na mugenzi we w’umwizera (cyangwa utizera). Isezerano Rishya rivuga ko Abakristo bagiranye ibibazo iyo badashoboye kwiyunga ubwabo bagomba gushaka abandi bene Se b’abizera bakaza kubunga (reba 1 Kor. 6:1-6). Kandi nta kibi kirimo Umukristo kujyana utizera mu rukiko rusanzwe rw’isi igihe yamuhemukiye cyangwa bafitanye amakimbirane akomeye. Ibyaha bikomeye ni nk’umuntu kukumena ijisho cyangwa kugukubita akagukura iryinyo! Icyaha cyoroheje ni nk’ibyo Yesu yavuze nko gukubitwa urushyi ku itama, cyangwa guhuguzwa ikintu gito (nk’ishati), cyangwa se gutegekwa ku gahato kugenda igikingi kimwe (one mile). Imana yifuza ko abantu yayo bayigāna bakagirira imbabazi nyinshi abanyabyaha batagira icyo bitaho n’abantu babi.
Mu bijyanye n’ibyo turimo kuvuga, hari abakristo beza rwose, mu kwibwira ko ari ukumvira Yesu, bagiye banga kujyana mu nkiko abantu bafashe bība ibyabo. Bibwiraga ko barimo “guhindukiza undi musaya,” ariko ahubwo mu by’ukuri babaga barimo gutiza umujura umurindi wo kuzongera akiba n’abandi, nko kumwigisha ko mbese gukora icyaha nta ngaruka bigira. Bene abo Bakristo ntibaba bagaragarije urukundo undi muntu uwo ari we wese uzibwa n’uwo mujura ubutaha! Imana ishaka ko abajura bakanirwa urubakwiye kandi bakihana. Ariko umuntu aguhemukiye mu buryo budakomeye, nko kugukubita urushyi ku itama, ntukwiye kumujyana mu rukiko cyangwa ngo umukubite nawe. Ahubwo mwereke imbabazi n’urukundo.
Gusobanura Irya Kera tumurikiwe n’Irishya
(Interpreting the Old in Light of the New)
Ntitugomba gusa gusobanura Isezerano Rishya dushingiye ku Rya Kera ahubwo tugomba iteka gusobanura ibyanditswe byo mu Isezerano rya Kera dukoresheje Isezerano Rishya. Urugero hari abakristo b’abizerwa basomye amategeko ya Mose yerekeye ibyo kuziririza ibyo kurya hanyuma bakumva ko hari ibyo kurya runaka abakristo batagomba kurya bakurikije ayo mategeko ya Mose. Nyamara baramutse basomye nk’ahantu habiri gusa mu Isezerano Rishya basobanukirwa ko ayo mategeko ya Mose yo kuziririza ibyo kurya atareba abagengwa n’Isezerano Rishya:
Nuko arababwira [Yesu] ati, “Mbese namwe ntimugira ubwenge? Ntimuzi yuko ikintu kinjiye mu muntu kivuye inyuma atari cyo kimuhumanya, kuko kitajya mu mutima we ahubwo kijya mu nda, kikanyura mu nzira yacyo?” (Bityo yatangaje ko ibyokurya byose bitunganye) (Mariko 7:18-19).
Ariko Umwuka avuga yeruye ati “Mu bihe bizaza bamwe bazagwa bave mu byizerwa, bite ku myuka iyobya n’inyigisho z’abadayimoni” bayobejwe n’uburyarya bw’abigisha b’abanyabinyoma, bafite inkovu z’ibyaha mu mitima yabo nk’iz’ubushye, babuza kurongorana, baziririza ibyo kurya Imana yaremye kugira ngo abizera bakamenya ukuri babirye bashima, kuko ibyo Imana yaremye byose ari byiza, ntiharimo icyo gutabwa iyo cyakiranywe ishimwe, kuko cyezwa n’ijambo ry’Imana no gusenga (1 Tim. 4:1-5).
Mu Isezerano Rishya ntidutwarwa n’amategeko ya Mose, ahubwo dutwarwa n’amategeko ya Kristo (reba 1 Kor. 9:20-21). Nubwo nta gushidikanya ko Yesu yashyigikiye amategeko ya Mose mu byerekeranye n’imyifatire (akayashyira mu mategeko ya Kristo), nyamara yaba we cyangwa intumwa nta n’umwe wigeze yigisha ko abakristo bagomba gukomeza kugendera ku mategeko ya Yesu ku byerekeranye n’ibyo kurya.
Ariko na none birumvikana neza, ko Abakristo ba mbere, kuko bose bari Abayuda bahindutse, bakomeje kugendera ku mategeko y’isezerano rya kera agenga iby’imirire bitewe n’imyemerere ya gakondo yabo (reba Ibyakozwe 10:9-14). Hanyuma aho abanyamahanga batangiriye kwizera Yesu, Abakristo ba mbere b’Abayuda babasaba ko bakurikiza amategeko ya Mose yo kuziririza ibyo kurya bimwe na bimwe ku bwo kugira ngo gusa bubahirize bagenzi babo b’Abayuda byashobora gusitaza batabikoze (reba Ibyakozwe 15:1-21). Bityo rero nta kosa ririmo ko umukristo yubahiriza amategeko ya Mose yo kuziririza ibyo kurya, apfa gusa kuba atizera ko kubahiriza ayo mategeko ari byo bimuhesha agakiza.
Bamwe mu bakristo ba mbere na none bumvaga ko kurya inyama zatambiwe ibigirwamana ari icyaha. Pawulo ahugura abizera babibonaga ukundi (nka we ubwe ndetse) ababwira ko bagomba kugendera mu rukundo ntibabangamire bene Data bafite “kwizera kudakomeye” (reba Rom. 14:1), ngo batagira ikintu na kimwe bakora cyakomeretsa imitima yabo. Niba umuntu yirinze kurya ibyo kurya runaka kubw’imyizerere ye yo kubaha Imana (n’ubwo iyo myizerere ye yaba idafite ishingiro), akwiriye gushimwa ku bwo kubaha Imana kwe, ntabwo ari uwo gucirwaho iteka kubera imyumvire ye micye. Na none kandi abibuza kurya ibyo kurya runaka bitewe n’impamvu zabo bwite ntibakwiye gucira urubanza abirira byose. Abo bose bakwiye kubana mu rukundo, nk’uko Imana ibitegeka (reba Rom. 14:1-23).
Ibyo ari byo byose , bitewe n’uko Bibiliya ari ihishurirwa rigenda rikomerezaho, tugomba iteka gusobanura ihishurirwa rya kera cyane (Isezerano Rya Kera) tumurikiwe n’ihishurirwa rishya cyane (Isezerano Rishya). Nta hishurirwa na rimwe Imana yigeze itanga ngo rize rivuguruza irindi; iteka ihishurirwa riza ryuzuzanya n’irindi.
Gukurikiza Amateka n’Umuco
(Cultural and Historical Context)
Igihe icyo ari cyo cyose bishoboka na none, tugomba kureba amateka n’umuco biherekeje ibyo Byanditswe Byera turimo kwiga. Kumenya ikintu runaka umuco wihariye, cyangwa se imiterere y’ahantu havugwa muri Bibiliya n’amateka yaho bidufasha cyane mu gusobanukirwa ibintu ubundi tutakarushye tumenya. Na none birumvikana ko ibi bisaba kwifashisha ibindi bitabo bitari Bibiliya. Kwiga Bibiliya neza ubundi bisaba kugira ubwo bumenyi bundi.
Dore ingero nkeya hano z’ukuntu kugira ubumenyi ku mateka n’umuco bishobora kuturinda kuvangirwa igihe dusoma Bibiliya:
1.) Tujya dusoma mu Byanditswe Byera ukuntu abantu bamwe bazamukaga hejuru y’inzu (reba Ibyak. 10:9) cyangwa bagacukura hejuru y’inzu (reba Mariko 2:4). Birafasha kumenya ko muri Isirayeli muri icyo gihe cya Bibiliya inzu zaho zabaga zubatse ku buryo hejuru hasa nk’ahashashe, no kumenya ko inzu hafi ya zose zabaga hanze zifite ingazi zizamuka hejuru kuri ibyo bisenge bishashe. Iyo ibyo tutabizi, mu gihe dusomye muri Bibiliya ko umuntu yazamutse hejuru y’inzu, dushobora kumubona mu bitekerezo byacu arimo kugerageza kurira yinaganika ku biti by’igisenge agasingira agasongero k’inzu akagakomeza ngo atamanuka akitura hasi!
2.) Dusoma muri Mariko 11:12-14 ko Yesu yavumye igiti cy’umutini kuko kitari gifite imbuto, n’ubwo “kitāri igihe cyo kwera kw’imitini.” Birafasha kumenya ko imitini n’iyo atari igihe cyayo cyo kwera iba ifiteho imbuto nkeya; nuko rero Yesu ntiyari yibeshye ajya kuyishakiraho imbuto.
3.) Tubona muri Luka 7:37-48 umugore winjiye mu nzu y’umufarisayo aho Yesu yarīraga. Ibyanditswe bivuga ko yaje agahagarara inyuma ya Yesu hafi y’ibirenge bye arira, agatangira kumutonyangiriza amarira ku birenge abihanaguza umusatsi we, akabisoma abisiga amavuta meza ameze nk’amadahano.Twibaza ukuntu ibintu nk’ibyo byashoboka kandi Yesu yicaye ku meza afungura. Ese uwo mugore yaseseye munsi y’ameza? Yashoboye ate guca mu maguru y’abandi bari bicaye ku meza basangira na Yesu?
Igisubizo kiboneka mu magambo ya Luka avuga ko Yesu “yari yihengetse ku meza” (Luka 7:37). Uburyo bagenzaga barya muri icyo gihe, birambikaga hasi bagasa n’abaryamira urubavu begereye akameza kagufi, ukuboko kumwe bakakwishingikiriza, ukundi akaba ari ko barisha. Ni muri ubu buryo wa mugore yashoboye gushyikira ibirenge bya Yesu akamuramya.
Ibi na none bidufasha gusobanukirwa ukuntu Yohana yashoboye kwegamira mu gituza cya Yesu igihe cya rya Funguro Ryera Yesu araye ari bupfe, maze akamubaza ikibazo. Yohana yari yishingikirije ku rubavu umugongo awuteye Yesu na we ariko yihengetse bafungura, hanyuma Yohana ahindukiza umutwe awurambika mu gituza cya Yesu ngo amubaze ikibazo cye mu ibanga (reba Yohana 13:23-25). Igihangano cyamamaye cyane cy’umugabo DaVinci ashushanya Ifunguro Ryera rya Yesu n’Abigishwa be, aho agaragaza Yesu yicaye ku meza n’Abigishwa be batandatu uruhande rumwe n’abandi batandatu urundi ruhande, kigaragaza ubujiji bw’uwo muhanzi ku bya Bibiliya. Yari akeneye kumenya amateka agendanye n’ibyo!
Ikibazo Gikunze kubazwa ku myambarire
(A Common Question About Clothes)
Ikibazo nkunze kubazwa kenshi n’abapastori mu isi yose ni iki: “Mbese biremewe ko abagore bakijijwe bambara amapantalo, kandi Bibiliya ibuza abagore kwambara imyambaro y’abagabo?”
Icyo ni ikibazo cyiza dushobora gusubiza dukoresheje uburyo bwiza bukurikije amategeko yo gusobanura kandi mu kureba ibijyanye n’umuco.
Reka tubanze turebe uko Bibiliya ibuza abagore kwambara imyambaro y’abagabo (n’abagabo kwambara iy’abagore):
Umugore cyangwa umukobwa ntakambarane n’umugabo, kandi umugabo ntakambarane n’umugore, kuko ukora atyo wese ari ikizira Uwiteka Imana yawe yanga urunuka (Guteg. 22:5).
Dukwiye gutangira twibaza tuti, “Imana yari igamije iki mu gutanga iri tegeko?” Mbese intego yayo yari ukubuza abagore kwambara amapantalo?
Oya, icyo si cyo yari igamije, kuko nta mugabo muri Isirayeli wambaraga ipantalo igihe Imana yavugaga ibyo mbere na mbere. Ipantalo ntiyari umwaqmbaro w’umugabo cyangwa uw’undi uwo ari we wese ku bijyanye n’iryo tegeko. Ndetse ahubwo imyambaro abagabo bambaraga icyo gihe abenshi tubona yarasaga cyane n’imyambaro y’abagore muri iki gihe! Ako ni gato ku bijyanye n’amateka n’umuco kadufasha gusobanura neza icyo Imana yashakaga kuvuga.
None Imana yari igamije iki?
Wabonye ko uwambaraga wese imyambaro y’ikindi gitsina yabaga ari ikizira ku Uwiteka. Ibyo birakomeye cyane. Mbese umugabo afashe igitambaro cyo mu mutwe cy’umugore akacyitega mu mutwe amasegonda macye, ubwo aba ahindutse ikizira ku Uwiteka? Ibyo umuntu yabishidikanyaho cyane.
Ahubwo ikigaragara ni uko icyo Imana yarwanyaga ari uko umugore yakwambara nk’umugabo agambiriye kuba nk’umugabo cyangwa umugabo akambara imyambaro y’abagore agambiriye gusa n’umugore. Mbese kuki umuntu yakora bene ibyo? Ni uko aba yiringiye ko mu kwambara atyo byatuma akurura umuntu bahuje igitsina, ubwo ni uburyo bwo kwangirika mu byerekeye ubusabane mpuzabitsina bwitwa mu rurimi rw’icyongereza “transvestitism”. Ndibwira ko dushobora kumva ukuntu ibyo byaba ikizira ku Uwiteka.
Bityo rero nta wafata umwanzuro avuga mu by’ukuri ko ari icyaha ku mugore kwambara ipantalo ahereye ku Gutegeka kwa kabiri 22:5, keretse uwo mugore abikora muri bwa buryo twvuze haruguru bwa “transvestitism”. Ariko mu gihe agaragara neza ko ari umugore, nta cyaha aba akoze mu kwambara ipantalo.
Ariko nyine na none Bibiliya ivuga ko abagore bakwiye kwambara imyambaro ikwiriye (reba 1 Tim. 2:9), bityo rero amapantalo abafata cyane akerekana uko bateye kose ntabwo akwiriye (cyo kimwe n’amakanzu cyangwa amajipo abahambiriye cyane) kuko bishobora kugusha abagabo mu irari. Imyinshi mu myambaro abagore bo mu bihugu by’I Bulayi na Amerika bambara ntikwiriye ahubwo imeze nk’imyambaro yambarwa n’indaya mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere. Nta mugore cyangwa umukobwa w’umurokore wari ukwiriye kwambara imyambaro imugaragaza uko ateye kose, ibyo ab’isi bita mu ndimi z’amahanga ngo kuba “sexy.”
Ibindi bitekerezo bicye
(A Few Other Thoughts)
Biratangaje kubona nta mupasitoro wo mu Bushinwa urigera na rimwe ambaza ku byerekeranye n’abagore bambara amapantalo. Ahari ni ukubera ko Abashinwakazi bambara amapantalo kuva kera cyane. Nakunze kubazwa icyo kibazo cy’abagore bambara amapantalo n’abapasitoro bo mu bihugu aho abagore benshi batambara amapantalo. Ibyo byerekana uko umuco wabo uba uhabanye n’ibyo.
Na none biratangaje kubona nta mukozi w’Imana w’umugore muri Myanmar urambaza icyo kibazo, aho usanga abagabo bambara umwambaro wa gakondo twakwita nk’ijipo, ariko bo bawita “longgi”. Twongere tuvuge ko imyambaro y’abagore n’iyabagabo itandukana bishingiye ku muco wa buri hantu; bityo rero tugomba kureba neza kugira ngo tudasanga twitiranyije imyumvire y’umuco wacu n’ibyo Bibiliya ivuga.
Hanyuma kandi ntangazwa n’uko abagabo benshi badashaka ko abagore bambara amapantalo bishingiye ku Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 22:5 nyamara bo ntibumve ko bagomba kubahiriza ibyanditse mu Abalewi 19:27:
Inkokora z’imisatsi yanyu ntimukazogoshere kugira ngo izenguke, ntimukonone inkokora z’ubwanwa bwanyu (Lewi19:27).
Ni gute abagabo bashobora gusuzugura Abalewi 19:27, bakogosha bakamaraho ubwanwa bahawe n’Imana, ubwo bwanwa ari na bwo bubatandukanya neza n’abagore, hanyuma barangiza bagatangira gushinja abagore bambara amapantalo ko bashaka kugerageza gusa n’abagabo? Ibyo ni nk’aho ari uburyarya!
Ariko hari akantu gato ku bumenyi bw’amateka kadufasha kumva icyo Imana yari igamije mu Abalewi 19:27. Kogosha ubwanwa bazenguka wari umwe mu mihango ya gipagani yakorwaga basenga ibigirwamana. Imana ntiyashakaga ko abantu bayo bagira ishusho imwe n’iy’abasenga ibigirwamana.
Ni nde urimo avuga?
(Who is Speaking?)
Iteka tugomba kumenya urimo avuga muri buri gice cya Bibiliya, kuko kubimenya bishobora kudufasha gusobanura neza. N’ubwo buri kintu cyose kiri muri Bibiliya biba byaravuye ku gushaka kw’Imana ngo kibemwo, ariko buri kintu cyose kiri muri Bibiliya ntabwo ari Ijambo ryahumetswe n’Imana. Ndashaka kuvuga iki?
Mu byanditswe byinshi bya Bibiliya, harimo amagambo yagiye avugwa n’abantu ubwabo adahumetswe n’Imana. Kubw’ibyo rero ntidukwiye kwibwira ko icyavuzwe cyose muri Bibiliya cyabaga gihumetswe n’Imana.
Urugero, hari abajya bakora ikosa ryo gufata amagambo yavuzwe na Yobu na bagenzi be nk’ayahumetswe n’Imana. Hari impamvu ebyiri zituma ibyo biba ikosa. Ubwa mbere, Yobu n’incuti ze bagiye impaka mu bice mirongo itatu na bine byose. Ntibigeze bumvikana. Birumvikana ko ibyo bavuze byose bitaba byarahumetswe n’Imana kuko Imana itivuguruza.
Ubwa kabiri, mu kurangira kw’igitabo cya Yobu, Imana ubwayo iravuga, kandi icyaha Yobu na bagenzi be bose ko ibyo bavuze atari byo (Yobu 38-42).
Tugomba kwitonda muri ubwo buryo no mu gihe dusoma Isezerano Rishya. Henshi tubona aho Pawulo avuga yeruye ko bimwe mu byo yanditse ari ibitekerezo bye bwite (1 Kor. 7:12, 25-26, 40).
Ni nde urimo kubwirwa?
(Who is Being Addressed?)
Si ukumenya gusa urimo kuvuga muri buri gice cyose dusomye muri Bibiliya, ahubwo tugomba no kumenya urimo kubwirwa. Bitabaye ibyo, dushobora gusobanura nabi tukibwira ko ibyo dusomye ari twe bireba kandi atari ko bimeze. Cyangwa tukumva nabi maze ibitureba ntitubyiyerekezeho ahubwo tukabishyira ku bandi.
Urugero, bamwe bafata isezerano riri muri Zaburi 34 bakumva ko ari iryabo:
Na we azaguha ibyo umutima wawe usaba (Zaburi 37:4).
Ariko se iryo sezerano rireba umuntu wese urisomye cyangwa urizi wese? Oya, iyo dusomye andi magambo ari kumwe na ryo, tubona ko rireba gusa abantu runaka bujuje ibyangombwa bigera kuri bitanu:
Wiringire Uwiteka ukore ibyiza, guma mu gihugu ukurikize umurava. Kandi wishimire Uwiteka, na we azaguha ibyo umutima wawe usaba (Zaburi 37:3-4).
Ubwo rero turabona ukuntu ari ibyangombwa cyane kumenya urimo kubwirwa.
Dore urundi rugero:
Nuko Petero aramubwira ati “Dore twebweho twasize byose turagukurikira.” Yesu aramubwira ati, “Ndababwira ukuri yuko ntawasize inzu, cyangwa bene, se cyangwa bashiki be, cyangwa nyina, cyangwa se, cyangwa abana, cyangwa amasambu ku bwanjye no ku bw’ubutumwa bwiza, utazahabwa ibibiruta incuro ijana muri iki gihe cya none, ari amazu, ari bene se, ari bashiki be, ndetse nab a nyina, n’abana n’amasambu, hamwe no kurenganywa, maze mu gihe kizaza akazahabwa ubugingo buhoraho” (Mariko 10:28-30).
Ni ibintu byamamaye cyane ahantu hamwe na hamwe usanga abantu bishyuza “incuro ijana” iyo batanze amafaranga bashyigikira umukozi w’Imana urimo abwiriza ubutumwa bwiza. Ariko se iryo sezerano rireba bene abo bantu? Oya, rireba mu by’ukuri abantu basiga koko imiryango yabo, amasambu yabo, cyangwa amazu yabo ku bw’ubutumwa bwiza, nk’uko Petero yagenje, ari na ko kubaza icyo we n’abandi bigishwa ba Yesu bazagororerwa.
Icyo umuntu yakwibazaho ni uko abakunze kwigisha kuri ibyo byo gushumbushwa incuro ijana, bibanda cyane ku mazu n’amasambu, ariko nta na rimwe bajya bavuga ku bana no kurenganywa kandi birimo na byo muri iryo sezerano! Birumvikana ko Yesu atarimo asezeranya abantu ko uzasiga inzu ye azashumbushwa amazu ijana. Yasezeranyaga ko uzasiga urugo rwe n’umuryango we, abagize umuryango we mushya w’umwuka bazamukingurira imiryango y’ingo zabo bakamucumbikira. Abigishwa nyakuri ntibahangayikishwa n’imitungo kuko nta cyo baba bakita icyabo bwite–baba ari ibisonga gusa ariko ibyo batunze biba ari iby’Uwiteka.
Urugero rwa nyuma
(A Final Example)
Iyo abantu basoma amagambo ya Yesu akunze kwitwa ayo ku musozi wa Elayono “Olivet Discourse,” tubona muri Matayo 24-25, bamwe bibwira bibeshya ko yabwiraga abadakijijwe/abatizera, nuko bakumva ko ibyo bitabareba. Basoma Umugani w’umugaragu mubi n’umugani w’abakobwa cumi bakumva ari abatizera babwirwa. Nyamara nk’uko namaze kubivuga, iyo migani yombi yabwirwaga bamwe mu bigishwa ba Yesu b’inkoramutima (Mat. 24:3; Mariko 13:3). Nuko rero niba Petero, Yakobo, Yohana na Andereya baragombaga kuburirwa ko bashobora gusangwa batiteguye Yesu agarutse, natwe turabikeneye cyane. Ayo magambo ya Yesu yo kuburira abantu yavugiye ku musozi wa Elayono areba buri mukristo wese, ndetse n’abo bibwira ko bo atabareba bitewe n’uko bananiwe kumenya urimo kubwirwa.
Itegeko rya 3. Soma ibintu nk’uko byanditse. Ntushake kuvugisha ibyanditswe icyo bitavuga ushyiramo tewolojiya yawe. Niba usomye ikintu kivuguruza ibyo wizeraga, wigerageza guhindura Bibiliya, ahubwo hindura imyizerere yawe.
( Rule #3 Read Honestly. Don’t force your theology into a text. If you read something that contradicts what you believe, don’t try to change the Bible; change what you believe.)
Buri muntu asoma ibyanditswe hari ibitekerezo asanzwe abifiteho. Ku bw’ibyo bijya bikomera gusoma Bibiliya nk’uko iri. Ahubwo amaherezo usanga tuvugishije ibyanditswe ibyo twebwe twizera, aho kugira ngo tureke Bibiliya ibe ari yo iduha umurongo w’imyizerere. Ndetse rimwe na rimwe tugashakisha ibyanditswe bishyigikira imyizerere yacu, ibinyuranyije n’imyumvire yacu tukabyirengagiza. Ibyo mu cyongereza byitwa”proof-texting.” Ni nko kwiyubakaho igikuta cy’ibyanditswe bishyigikira imyumvire yawe, ibindi ntiwemere ko bikugeraho.
Dore urugero rw’ibyo mperutse kubona by’aho umuntu avugisha ibyanditswe ibyo we yisanganiwe muri tewolojiya ye. Umwigisha umwe ntiriwe mvuga izina yatangiye asoma Matayo 11:28-29, ayo ni amagambo azwi cyane Yesu yavuze:
Mwese abarushye n’abaremerewe nimuze munsange ndabaruhura. Mwemere kuba abagaragu banjye munyigireho, kuko ndi umugwaneza kandi noroheje mu mutima, namwe muzabona uburuhukiro mu mitima yanyu (Mat. 11:28-29)
Nuko uwo mwigisha akomeza asobanura avuga ko Yesu yavugaga uburuhukiro bw’uburyo bubiri. Uburuhukiro bwa mbere (ngo bwaba) ari ubw’agakiza muri 11:28, naho uburuhukiro bwa kabiri ngo bukaba ubwo kuba umwigishwa muri 11:29. Uburuhukiro bwa mbere ububona usanze Yesu; uburuhukiro bwa kabiri ububona umugandukiye nk’umwami, cyangwa mu kuba umugaragu we.
Ariko se koko iyo ni yo nsobanuro Yesu yari agamije? Oya, iyo ni insobanuro umuntu aba ahaye ibyanditswe, ariko ibyo bintu ntabyigeze bivugwa ndetse nta n’uwabikomojeho. Yesu ntiyigeze avuga ngo atanze uburuhukiro bw’uburyo bubiri. Yatanze uburuhukiro bumwe ku barushye n’abaremerewe, kandi uburyo bumwe gusa buhari bwo kubona ubwo buruhukiro ni ukwemera kuba umugaragu wa Yesu, bisobanuye kumugandukira. Iyo ni yo nsobanuro ya Yesu yumvikana kandi igaragara muri ibyo byanditswe.
Kuki uwo mwigisha yazanye bene iyo nsobanuro? Ni uko insobanuro igaragara y’ibyo byanditswe idahuza n’imyizerere ye asanganywe y’uko hari ubwoko bubiri bw’abakristo kandi bwombi bukaba buri mu nzira ijya mu ijuru–abizera n’abigishwa. Ubwo rero ntiyasobanuye ibi byanditswe nk’uko biri mu buryo bw’ubunyangamugayo.
Nyine birumvikana ko, nk’uko twagiye tubibona mu bindi byanditswe byinshi twavuze muri iki gitabo tuvuga kuri iyo myizerere by’umwihariko, iyo nsobanuro y’uwo mwigisha ntihuza n’izindi nyigisho za Yesu zijyanye n’ibyo. Nta na hamwe mu Isezerano Rishya havuga ko hari ubwoko bubiri bw’abakristo bajya mu ijuru, abizera basanzwe n’abigishwa. Abizera bose nyakuri baba ari abigishwa. Abatari abigishwa ntabwo baba ari abizera. Kuba umwigishwa ni imbuto yo kwizera nyako.
Reka duharanire gusomana Bibiliya ubunyangamugayo n’imitima iboneye tuyisome uko iri. Nitubigenza dutyo, ikizavamo ni ukurushaho kwiyegurira Imana no kugandukira Kristo.
[1] Biragaragara ko Pawulo atizeraga iby'”umutekano w’agakiza k’iteka utagize icyo ugusaba gukora” (unconditional eternal security), iyo bimera bityo ntiyari kubwira Timoteyo, umuntu wakijijwe, ko agomba kugira icyo akora kugira ngo arwane ku busugire bw’agakiza ke.
[2] Mose na none yigeze kubona mu mugongo h’Imana igihe “yanyuraga bugufi bwe.” Imana yamutwikirije ikiganza kugira ngo imukingirize ye kubona mu maso hayo; reba Kuva 33:18-23.
[3] Umuntu akwiye kwibuka kandi na none ko Yesu yari yarabivuze mbere mu nyigisho ze abwira abari bamuteze amatwi yuko gukiranuka kwabo nikutaruta ukw’abanditsi n’ukw’Abafarisayo, batazinjira mu bwami bwo mu ijuru (reba Mat. 5:20). Hanyuma Yesu agakomeza yerekana uburyo butandukanye abanditsi n’Abafarisayo bateshukagamo.