Yesu yahaye Itorero amasakaramentu abiri gusa: umubatizo w’amazi (reba Mat 28:19) n’Ifunguro Ryera (reba 1 Kor. 11:23-26). Turabanza twige ku mubatizo w’amazi.
Mu Isezerano Rishya, buri mwizera agomba kubatizwa imibatizo itatu itandukanye. Ni iyi: kubatizwa mu mubiri wa Kristo, kubatizwa mu mazi, no kubatizwa mu Mwuka Wera.
Iyo umuntu avutse ubwa kabiri, ako kanya aba abatijwe mu mubiri wa Krisito. Ni ukuvuga ko aba ahindutse urugingo rw’umubiri wa Kristo, itorero:
Kuko mu Mwuka umwe twese ari mo twabatirijwe kuba umubiri umwe (1 Kor. 12:13; reba na Rom. 6:3; Ef. 1:22-23; Kolo 1:18, 24).
Kubatizwa mu mazi bikurikirana no gukizwa, kandi uyu mubatizo buri mwizera wese ashobora kandi agomba kuwubatizwa.
Icya nyuma, buri mwizera wese akwiriye kubatizwa mu mazi vuba bishoboka akimara kwihana ibyaha no kwizera Umwami Yesu. Kubatizwa ni cyo gikorwa cya mbere cyo kuganduka umwizera mushya yakagombye gukora:
Arababwira [Yesu] ati, “Mujye mu bihugu byose, mwigishe abaremwe bose ubutumwa bwiza. Uwizera akabatizwa azakizwa, ariko utizera azacirwaho iteka” (Mariko 16:15-16).
Itorero rya mbere ryahaga iryo tegeko rya Yesu ryo kubatizwa agaciro gakomeye cyane. Abizeye bashya bose bahitaga babatizwa bakimara gukizwa (reba Ibyak 2:37-41; 8:12-16, 36-39; 9:17-19; 10:44-48; 16:31-33; 18:5-8; 19:1-5).
Ibitekerezo Bimwe Ku Mubatizo Bidashingiye kuri Bibiliya
Some Unscriptural Ideas About Baptism
Bamwe babatiza banyanyagiza ibitonyanga by’amazi ku bizera bashya. Mbese ibyo biratunganye? Ijambo mu Isezerano Rishya ryasobanuwe kubatiza ni ijambo baptizo ry’Ikigiriki rivuga “kwibiza.” Ababatizwa mu mazi rero bagomba kwibizwa mu mazi ntabwo ari ukubamamagiraho udutonyi tw’amazi. Insobanuro y’umubatizo wa gikristo turi bwigeho mu kanya, nay o ishyigikira icyo gitekerezo cyo kwibiza.
Bamwe babatiza uduhinja, nyamara nta na hamwe dusanga muri Bibiliya impinja zabatijwe. Imihango nk’iyo ifite inkomoko ku nyigisho z’ibinyoma zo “guhindurwa mushya mu mubatizo” (“baptismal regeneration”)–aho bavuga ko umuntu avuka ubwa kabiri igihe abatijwe. Ibyanditswe bivuga neza ko umuntu agomba kubanza kwizera akabona kubatizwa. Bityo rero abana bamaze kumenya ubwenge bakamenya icyaha icyo ari cyo no kwihana no gukurikira Yesu, baba bashobora kubatizwa, ariko si abana bato n’impinja.
Hari abigisha yuko nubwo umuntu yakwizera Yesu aba atarakizwa keretse abanje kubatizwa mu mazi. Ibyo si byo ukurikije Ibyanditswe. Mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’intumwa 10:44-48 na 11:17, dusoma ko abo mu rugo rwa Koruneliyo bakijijwe muntu n’umwe ushobora kubatizwa mu Mwuka Wera atabanje gukizwa (reba Yoh. 14:17).
Bamwe bavuga ko umuntu atabanje kubatizwa mu buryo bwabo bwihariye, ataba akijijwe nyabyo. Nta mugenzo runaka tubona mu byanditswe ugomba gukurikizwa kugira ngo umubatizo ube wemewe. Urugero hari abavuga ko umuntu aba adakijijwe iyo yabatijwe “mu izina rya Data, n’iry’Umwana, n’iry’Umwuka Wera” (Mat. 28:19) aho kubatizwa “mu izina rya Yesu” (Ibyak 8:16). Abo bantu bafite umwuka umwe n’uwakoreraga mu Bafarisayo, baminina umubu nyamara ingamiya bakayimira bunguri. Mbega ukuntu biteye agahinda kubona Abakristo bajya impaka ku magambo akwiye gukoreshwa mu mubatizo mu gihe isi itegereje uyibwira ubutumwa bwiza.
Icyo umubatizo ushushanya mu Byanditswe
(The Scriptural Symbolism of Baptism)
Umubatizo wo mu mazi ushushanya ibintu byinshi biba byamaze kuba mu buzima bw’umukristo mushya. Mu buryo busanzwe bw’ibanze, umubatizo uvuga ko ibyaha byacu byuhagiwe, tukaba duhagaze twera imbere y’Imana. Igihe Ananiya yatumwaga kuri Sawuli (Pawulo) akimara gukizwa, Ananiya yaramubwiye ati:
None ikigutinza ni iki? Haguruka ubatizwe, wiyuhagire ibyaha byawe, wambaje izina rye(Ibyak 22:16).
Icya kabiri, umubatizo wo mu mazi ushushanya gupfana kwacu na Kristo, guhambanwa na we no kuzukana na we. Iyo tumaze kuvuka ubwa kabiri tugashyirwa mu mubiri wa Kristo, Imana itubara ko turi “muri Kristo” uhereye uwo mwanya. Nuko rero “muri Kristo,” twarapfuye, twarahambwe, kandi twazutse mu bapfuye kugira ngo tubeho nk’abantu bashya:
Ntimuzi yuko twese ababatirijwe muri Yesu Kristo, twabatirijwe no mu rupfu rwe? Nuko rero, ku bw’umubatizo twahambanywe na we mu rupfu rwe, kugira ngo nk’uko Kristo yazuwe n’ubwiza bwa Data wa twese, abe ari na ko natwe tugendera mu bugingo bushya (Rom. 6:3-4).
Kuko mwahambanywe na we mu mubatizo kandi ni mo mwazuranywe na we, ku bwo kwizera imbaraga z’Imana yamuzuye mu bapfuye (Kolo. 2:12).
Buri mwizera wese mushya agomba kwigishwa aya mahame y’ingenzi igihe abatizwa mu mazi, kandi agomba kubatizwa vuba mu buryo bushoboka akimara kwizera Yesu.
Ifunguro Ryera
(The Lord’s Supper)
IfunguroRyera rikomoka ku Ifunguro rya Pasika ryo mu Isezerano rya Kera. Muri rya joro Imana yavanaga Abisirayeli mu buja bw’Abanyegiputa, yategetse buri rugo kubaga umwana w’intama w’umwaka umwe maze bagasiga amaraso y’uwo mwana w’intama ku nkomanizo n’uruhamo rw’imiryango y’amazu yabo. Igihe “marayika w’urupfu” yanyuraga mu gihugu muri iryo joro, yica abana b’imfura muri Egiputa, yabonaga amaraso ku mazu y’Abisirayeli maze “agatambuka.”
Ikindi kandi Abisirayeli bagombaga gukora umunsi mukuru bakarya muri iryo joro bagasangira uwo mwana w’intama wa Pasika (Passover), bakarya n’umutsima udasembuye kumara iminsi irindwi. Iryo ryabaye itegeko ry’iteka ryose kuri Isirayeli, bikajya byibukwa uko umwaka utashye mu gihe kimwe (reba Kuva 12:1-28). Biragaragara ko umwana w’intama wa Pasika yashushanyaga Kristo, ari we witwa “Pasika yacu” mu 1 Abakorinto 5:7.
Igihe Yesu yashyiragaho Ifunguro Ryera, we n’abigishwa be barimo bizihiza umunsi mukuru w’ifunguro rya Pasika. Yesu yabambwe mu gihe cy’iminsi mikuru ya Pasika, asohoza koko iby’umuhamagaro we nk’ “Umwana w’intama ukuraho ibyaha by’abari mu isi” (Yohana 1:29).
Umutsima turya n’umutobe tunywa bishushanya umubiri wa Yesu washenjaguwe ku bwacu, n’amaraso ye yatumenewe ngo tubabarirwe ibyaha:
Bakirya yesu yenda umutsima arawushimira, arawumanyagura, awuha abigishwa be arababwira ati, “uyu ni umubiri wanjye.” Yenda igikombe aragishimira, arakibaha, arababwira ati, “Munywere kuri iki mwese, kuko aya ari amaraso yanjye y’isezerano rishya, ava ku bwa benshi ngo bababarirwe ibyaha. Ariko ndababwira rwose yuko ntazanywa ku mbuto z’imizabibu, mpereye none nkageza umunsi nzasangirira namwe vino nshya mu bwami bwa Data” (Mat. 26:26-29).
Intumwa Pawulo yavuze iyo nkuru muri ubu buryo:
Nuko icyo nahawe n’Umwami wacu kumenya ni cyo nabahaye namwe, yuko Umwami yesu ijoro bamugambaniyemo yenze umutsima akawushimira, akawumanyagura akavuga ati, “Uyu ni umubiri wanjye ubatangiwe, mujye mukora mutya kugira ngo munyibuke.” N’igikombe akigenza atyo, bamaze kurya ati, “Iki gikombe ni isezerano rishya ryo mu maraso yanjye, mujye mukora mutya uko muzajya munyweraho kugira ngo munyibuke.” Uko muzajya murya uwo mutsima mukanywera kuri icyo gikombe, muzaba mwerekana urupfu rw’Umwami Yesu kugeza aho azazira (1 Kor. 11:23-26).
Ryari kandi Mu buhe Buryo
(When and How)
Bibiliya ntivuga incuro tugomba kujya ku Ifunguro Ryera,ariko biragaragara neza ko mu Itorero rya mbere, Ifunguro Ryera ryakorwaga kenshi mu materaniro y’amatorero yo mu rugo nk’uko barya ibyo kurya bisanzwe (reba 1 Kor. 11:20-34). Bitewe n’uko Ifunguro Ryera rikomoka ku Ifunguro rya Pasika, kwari ukujya ku meza abantu bakarya nyakurya mu gihe Yesu yaritangizaga, kandi ni ko byakorwaga mu Itorero rya mbere, ni na ko bikwiye gukorwa muri iki gihe. Ariko igice kinini cy’Itorero kiracyakurikira gusa “imigenzo y’abantu.”
Dukwiye kujya ku Ifunguro Ryera dufite kubaha Imana. Intumwa Pawulo yavuze ko ari igicumuro gikomeye kujya ku Ifunguro Ryera uko bidakwiriye:
Nicyo gituma umuntu wese uzarya umutsima w’Umwami wacu, cyangwa uzanywera ku gikombe cye uko bidakwiriye, azagibwaho n’urubanza rwo gucumura ku mubiri n’amaraso by’Umwami. Nuko umuntu yinire yisuzume abone kurya kuri uwo mutsima no kunywera kuri icyo gikombe, kuko upfa kurya, akanywa atitaye ku mubiri w’Umwami, aba arīriye kandi aba anywereye gucirwaho iteka. Ndetse ni cyo gituma benshi muri mwe bagira intege nke, abandi bakarwaragura, abandi benshi bakaba basinziriye. Ariko twakwisuzuma ntitwagibwaho n’urubanza. Nyamara iyo duciriwe urubanza n’Umwami wacu, duhanirwa na we kugira ngo tutazacirwa ho iteka hamwe n’ab’isi (1 Kor. 11:27-32).
Duhamagarirwa kwinira tukisuzuma mbere y’uko tujya ku Ifunguro Ryera, kandi igihe dusanze dufite icyaha, tuba tugomba kucyihana tukacyatura. Bitabaye ibyo, dushobora kugibwaho n’urubanza rwo “gucumura ku mubiri n’amaraso by’Umwami.”
Kuko Yesu yapfuye akamena amaraso ye kugira ngo adukure mu ngoyi y’icyaha, birumvikana ko tutagomba kwegera ibintu bishushanya umubiri n’amaraso bye, dufite ibyaha tutatuye ngo tubyihane. Iyo twanze tugapfa kurya no kunywa dushobora kuba twihamagariye gucirwa ho iteka mu buryo bwo kurwaragura no gupfa imburagihe, nk’uko byagenderaga Abakristo b’i Korinto. Uburyo bwo kwirinda guhanwa n’Imana ni “ukwicira urubanza ubwacu,” ni ukuvuga kwemera ibyaha byacu no kubyihana.
Icyaha cy’ibanze cy’Abakristo b’Abakorinto kwari ukubura urukundo; basubiranagamo bashyamirana. Mu byukuri uko kutitanaho kwabo byagaragariraga no mu Ifunguro Ryera aho igihe bamwe babaga bashonje abandi babaga baguye ivutu (reba 1 Kor. 11:20-22).
Umutsima turya ushushanya umubiri wa Krisito, ari ryo torero ubu. Dusangira umutsima umwe, bivuga ubumwe bwacu nk’umubiri umwe (reba 1 Kor. 10:17). Mbega ishyano kujya gusangira umutsima usobanura umubiri umwe wa Krisito mu gihe umuntu afitanye amacakubiri no kurwana n’abandi bagize uwo mubiri! Mbere y’uko tujya ku Ifunguro Ryera, tugomba kubanza gutunganya ubusabane bwacu na bene Data muri Krisito.