Abakristo benshi bazi ko iyo umuntu apfuye ajya mu ijuru cyangwa akajya ikuzimu. Ntabwo ari bose bazi ko nyamara mu ijuru atari ho ha nyuma abakiranutsi bazatura kandi ko i Kuzimu atari ho ha nyuma abanyabyaha bazaba.
Iyo abayoboke ba Yesu Krisito bapfuye, umwuka/ubugingo byabo bihera ko bijya mu ijuru aho Imana iri (reba 2 Kor. 5:6-8; Fili. 1:21-23; 1 Tes. 4:14). Ariko mu gihe kizaza, Imana izarema ijuru rishya n’isi nshya, kandi Yerusalemu nshya izamanuka iva mu ijuru ije ku isi (reba 2 Pet. 3:13; Ibyah. 21:1-2). Aho ni ho abakiranutsi bazaba iteka ryose.
Abanyabyaha iyo bapfuye, bahera ko bajya i Kuzimu, ariko i Kuzimu ni ahantu bazaba gusa igihe bazaba bagitegereje ko imibiri yabo izurwa. Uwo munsi nugera, bazahagarara imbere y’intebe y’urubanza y’Imana hanyuma batabwe mu nyanja yaka umuriro n’amazuku, ari yo yitwa Gehenomu muri Bibiliya. Ibi byose tuzabireba mu buryo bunonosoye neza muri Bibiliya.
Iyo Abanyabyaha Bapfuye
( When the Unrighteous Die)
Kugira ngo turusheho gusobanukirwa neza ibiba ku banyabyaha nyuma yo gupfa kwabo, tugomba kwiga ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryo mu Isezerano Rya Kera n’andi magambo atatu y’Ikigiriki yo mu Isezerano Rishya. Aya magambo y’Igiheburayo n’Ikigiriki mu byukuri avuga ahantu hatatu hatandukanye, akenshi hasobanurwa kimwe ngo mu muriro muri Bibiliya zimwe, kandi ibyo bishobora kuyobya usoma.
Reka tubanze turebe mu Isezerano rya Kera ijambo ry’Igiheburayo Sheol.
Ijambo Sheol rigaruka incuro zirenga mirongo itandatu mu Isezerano Rya Kera. Rivuga ku buryo busobanutse ko ari ho abanyabyaha bajya nyuma yo gupfa kwabo. Urugero, igihe Kōra n’abari bamukurikiye bigomekaga kuri Mose mu butayu, Imana yabahanishije kwasamura ubutaka bukabamirana n’ibyabo byose. Bibiliya ivuga ko bagiye muri Sheol:
Nuko bo n’ababo n’ibyabo byose barigita ikuzimu (Sheol) bakiri bazima, ubutaka bubarengaho, bararimbuka bakurwa mu iteraniro (Kub. 16:33).
Nyuma mu mateka ya Isirayeli, Imana yarabihanangirije ibabwira ko uburakari bwayo bucana umuriro ikuzimu (Sheol):
Kuko uburakari bwanjye bucanye umuriro, ukaka ukagera ikuzimu(Sheol) ko hasi, ugakongorana isi n’umwero wayo, ugakongeza imerero ry’imisozi (Guteg. 32:22).
Umwami Dawidi yaravuze ati,
Abanyabyaha bazasubizwa ikuzimu (Sheol), ni bo mahanga yose yibagirwa Imana (Zab. 9:17).
Kandi yasabiye abanyabyaha ati,
Urupfu rubatungure, bamanuke bajye ikuzimu (Sheol) bakiri bazima, kuko gukora ibyaha kuri mu mazu yabo no mu mitima yabo (Zab. 55:15).
Salomo umunyabwenge aburira abasore ku bishuko by’umugore w’indaya, yaranditse ati,
Inzu ye ni inzira igana ikuzimu (Sheol) imanuka ijya mu buturo bw’urupfu ….Ariko ntazi ko abapfuye ari ho bari, kandi abo yararitse bari mu mworero w’ikuzimu (Sheol) (Imig. 7:27; 9:18).
Salomo yanditse indi migani ituma twizera ko nta gushidikanya ari abanyabyaha bajya ikuzimu (Sheol):
Ku munyabwenge inzira y’ubugingo irazamuka, kugira ngo ave ikuzimu (Sheol) mu bapfuye (Imig 15:24).
Uzamukubita[umwana wawe] umunyafu, maze uzakiza ubugingo bwe kujya ikuzimu (Sheol) (Imig. 23:14)
Hanyuma na Yesaya ahanura uburyo Yesu azavuga uko ikuzimu hameze, yavuze mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi abwira umwami w’i Babuloni, wari warishyize hejuru ariko nyamara azatabwa ikuzimu (Sheol) ati:
Ikuzimu(Sheol) hasi hahagurukijwe no kugusanganira, hakuzūriye abakuru bo mu isi bose bapfuye, hakuye abami b’amahanga yose ku ntebe zabo. Abo bose bazakubaza bati, “Mbese nawe ubaye umunyantegenke nkatwe? Uhwanijwe natwe? Icyubahiro cyawe n’amajwi y’inanga zawe bimanuwe ikuzimu (Sheol), usasiwe inyo urazoroswa.” Wa nyenyeri yo mu ruturuturu we, mwana w’umuseke ko uvuye mu ijuru, ukagwa! Uwaneshaga amahanga ko baguciye bakakugeza ku butaka! Waribwiraga uti, “Nzazamuka njye mu ijuru nkuze intebe yanjye y’ubwami isumbe inyenyeri z’Imana, kandi uti, ‘Nzicara ku musozi w’iteraniro mu ruhande rw’impera y’ikasikazi, nzazamuka ndenge aho ibicu bigarukira, nzaba nk’Isumbabyose.” Ariko uzamanuka ikuzimu (Sheol), ugere ku ndiba ya rwa rwobo. Abazakubona bazakwitegereza cyane bagutekerezeho bati, “Uyu ni we wahindishaga isi umushyitsi akanyeganyeza ubwami, agahindura isi ubutayu, asenya imidugudu yo muri yo, ntarekure abanyagano ngo basubire iwabo?” (Yes. 14:9-17).
Ibi byanditswe n’ibindi nka byo bituma twizera ko ikuzimu (Sheol) ari ahantu ho kubabarizwa kandi n’ubu ni ko hari, aho abanyabyaha bafungirwa nyuma yo gupfa kwabo. Kandi hari n’ikindi kimenyetso kibihamya.
Ikuzimu
(Hades)
Biragaragara neza ko ijambo Hades ry’Ikigiriki ryo mu Isezerano Rishya, rivuga ahantu hamwe n’aho ijambo Sheol ry’Igiheburayo ryo mu Isezerano rya Kera rivuga. Kugira ngo tubihamye, icyo dukeneye gukora gusa nta kindi ni ukugereranya Zaburi 16:10 n’Ibyak 2:27 aho uwo murongo uvugwa:
Kuko utazareka ubugingo bwanjye ngo bujye ikuzimu (Sheol), kandi utazakundira umukunzi wawe ko abona kubora (Zab. 16:10).
Kuko utazarekera ubugingo bwanjye ikuzimu (Hades),cyangwa ngo uhāne Uwera wawe abone kubora (Ibyak. 2:27).
Ubwo bimeze bityo rero, biratangaje kubona ukuntu ahantu icumi hose ijambo Hades riri mu Isezerano Rishya rivuga ahantu habi ho kubabarizwa kandi hajya abanyabyaha bakaboherwayo nyuma yo gupfa kwabo (reba Mat. 11:23; 16:18; Luka 10:15; 16:23; Ibyak. 2:27; 2:31; Ibyah. 1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14). Na none, ibi byose byerekana ko ikuzimu (Sheol/Hades) ari ahantu abanyabyaha bajya bamaze gupfa, aho bababarizwa.[1]
Mbese Yesu Yagiye ikuzimu (Sheol/Hades)?
(Did Jesus Go to Sheol/Hades?)
Reka turebe neza Zaburi 16:10 n’aho Petero yayivuzeho mu Ibyak. 2:27, imirongo ibiri yerekana ko Sheol na Hades ari ahantu hamwe. Dushingiye ku byo Petero yavuze yigisha ku munsi wa pentekote, muri Zaburi 16:10 Dawidi si we wivugagaho, ahubwo mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi yavugaga kuri Kristo, kuko umubiri wa Dawidi, ku buryo butandukanye n’uwa Kristo, wo waraboze (reba Ibyak. 2:29-31). Ubwo ari uko bimeze rero, tubona ko mu byukuri muri Zaburi 16:10 ari Yesu wabwiraga Se ko yiringiye ko atazarekera ubugingo bwe ikuzimu cyangwa ngo amureke abore.
Bamwe basobanura ayo magambo ya Yesu bavuga ko icyo ari igihamya cy’uko ubugingo bwa Yesu bwagiye ikuzimu (Sheol/Hades) muri ya minsi itatu iri hagati yo gupfa kwe no kuzuka kwe. Ariko icyo mu byukuri ntabwo cyumvikana muri ayo magambo. Reba neza na none ibyo Yesu yabwiye Se:
Kuko utazareka ubugingo bwanjye ngo bujye ikuzimu, kandi utazakundira umukunzi wawe ko abona kubora (Zab. 16:10).
Yesu ntabwo yabwiye Se ngo, “Ndabizi ubugingo bwanjye buzajya ikuzimu (Sheol/Hades) buhamare iminsi mike, ariko ndizera ko utazareka ngo ngumeyo.” Ahubwo yari arimo avuga ngo, “Ndizera ko nimpfa ntazagirirwa nk’abanyabyaha, ngo ubugingo bwanjye bujye ikuzimu (Sheol/Hades). Nta n’umunota nzamarayo. Oya, ndizera ko umugambi wawe ari ukunzura mu minsi itatu, kandi ko utakwemera ko mbora.”
Nta gushidikanya ko iyi nsobanuro ifite ishingiro. Igihe Yesu yavugaga ati, “Kandi ko utazakundira umukunzi wawe ko abona kubora,” ntabwo dusobanura ko bishatse kuvuga ko umubiri wa Yesu watangiye kubora buhoro buhoro muri iyo minsi itatu kugeza ubwo wongeye ukaba muzima igihe azutse. Ahubwo dusobanura tuvuga ko bishatse kuvuga ko umubiri we utigeze ubora na gato kuva igihe yapfiriye kugeza ku kuzuka kwe.
Nuko rero no kuba yaravuze ko ubugingo bwe butazarekwa ngo bujye ikuzimu (Sheol/Hades) ntibigomba gusobanurwa ngo bishatse kuvuga ko yarekewe ikuzimu kumara iminsi mike hanyuma ariko akaza kuvayo ntarekerweyo burundu. [2] Ahubwo bigomba gusobanurwa ko ubugingo bwe butigeze bufatwa nk’ubw’abanyabyaha ngo bujye ikuzimu. Ubugingo bwe ntibwigeze bumara ikuzimu n’umunota n’umwe. Urabona ko Yesu avuga ati, “Kuko utazareka ubugingo bwanjye ngo bujye ikuzimu,” ntabwo ari, “Kuko utazareka ubugingo bwanjye ngo bugume ikuzimu.”
Ubugingo bwa Yesu bwari hehe muri iyo minsi itatu?
( Where Was Jesus’ Soul During the Three Days?)
Wibuke ko Yesu yabwiye abigishwa be ko azamara iminsi itatu n’amajoro atatu mu nda y’isi (reba Mat. 12:40). Ibi urebye ntibishaka kuvuga ko umubiri we uzamara gatatu mu mva, kuko imva si yo yakwitwa “mu nda y’isi.” Ahubwo Yesu agomba kuba yaravugaga ko umwuka we/ubugingo bwe buzaba buri munsi cyane mu nda y’isi. Nuko rero dushobora kwanzura ko umwuka we/ubugingo bwe butari buri mu ijuru hagati y’igihe yapfiriye n’izuka rye. Ibyo Yesu yarabishimangiye amaze kuzuka igihe yabwiraga Mariya ko atarazamuka kwa Se (reba Yohana 20:17).
Kandi wibuke ko Yesu yabwiye wa mujura wihaniraga ku musaraba ko uwo munsi bari bube bari kumwe muri paradizo (reba Luka 23:43). Ibyo byose iyo tubihuje tubona ko umwuka/ubugingo bwa Yesu bwamaze iminsi itatu n’amajoro atatu mu nda y’isi. Igihe gito nibura muri iyo minsi itatu yari ahantu yise “Paradizo,”kandi birumvikana ko iryo atari ijambo risobanura kimwe na Sheol /Hades ahantu ho kubabarizwa !
Ibi byose bituma numva ko hagomba kuba hari ahantu mu nda y’isi iruhande rw’ikuzimu (Sheol/Hades), hitwa Paradizo. Iki gitekerezo gishyigikirwa cyane n’inkuru Yesu yigeze kuvuga y’abantu babiri bapfuye, umwe yari umunyabyaha undi akaba umukiranutsi, umutunzi na Lazaro. Reka dusome iyo nkuru:
Hariho umutunzi wambaraga imyenda y’imihengeri n’iy’ibitare byiza, iminsi yose agahora adamaraye. Kandi hariho n’umukene witwaga Lazaro, wahoraga aryamye ku muryango w’uwo mukire, umubiri we wuzuyeho ibisebe. Imbwa na zo zarazaga zikamurigata mu bisebe, kandi yifuzaga guhazwa n’ubuvungukira buva ku meza y’umutunzi. Bukeye umukene arapfa, abamarayika bamujyana mu gituza cya Aburahamu, n’umutunzi na we arapfa arahambwa. Ageze ikuzimu arababazwa cyane, yubuye amaso areba Aburahamu ari kure na Lazaro ari mu gituza cye. Arataka ati, “Aburahamu sogokuru, mbabarira wohereze Lazaro, akoze isonga y’urutoki rwe mu tuzi antonyangirize ku rurimi, kuko mbabazwa n’uyu muriro.” Aburahamu aramubwira ati, “Mwana wanjye, ibuka yuko wahawe ibyiza byawe ukiriho. Lazaro na we yahawe ibibi, none aguwe neza hano naho wowe urababazwa cyane. Kandi uretse n’ibyo, dore hariho umworera munini bikabije hagati yacu namwe, washyiriweho kugira ngo abashaka kuva hano kuza aho muri batabibasha, kandi n’abava aho batagera hano.” (Luka 16:19-26).
Birumvikana ko ari umutunzi ari na Lazaro nta n’umwe wari ukiri mu mubiri bamaze gupfa, ariko bari bagiye aho bagenewe ari imyuka/ubugingo.
Lazaro Yari He?
(Where Was Lazarus?)
Urabona ko wa mutunzi yagiye kwisanga akisanga ikuzimu (Hades), ariko yashoboraga kubona Lazaro ari ahandi hantu ari kumwe na Aburahamu. Mu byukuri havugwa ko Lazaro yari mu “gituza cya Aburahamu,” ntabwo ari izina ry’ahantu ahubwo birashoboka ko ari ukuvuga ukuntu Lazaro yahumurizwaga akomezwa na Aburahamu kuva yagera aho hantu.
Mbese aho wa mutunzi yari ari n’aho Lazaro yari ari hari harimo intera ingana iki bamaze gupfa?
Bibiliya iravuga ngo wa mutunzi yabonye Lazaro ari “kure,” kandi tubwirwa ko hari “umworera munini cyane” hagati yabo. Ubwo rero iyo ntera yari hagati yabo ntawamenya neza neza uko yanganaga. Nyamara ntitwaba twibeshye twanzuye tuvuga ko intera yari hagati yabo itari nini cyane nk’intera iri hagati y’inda y’isi n’ijuru. Naho ubundi ntibyari gushoboka ko abona Lazaro (keretse ashobojwe n’Imana), kandi ntibyari kuba ngombwa ko haba “umworera munini cyane” hagati y’aho hantu hombi ugomba kubuza uwo ari we wese kuva mu gice arimo ngo ajye mu kindi. Kandi wa mutunzi “yatakiye” Aburahamu na we aramusubiza. Ibi bituma dutekereza ko bari begeranye kuko bashoboraga kuvugana umwe ari hakurya ya wa “mworera munini” undi ari hakuno.
Ibi bituma numva ko Lazaro Atari aho twita mu ijuru, ahubwo yari mu kindi gice cyo mu nda y’isi.[3] Hagomba kuba ari ho Yesu yitaga Paradizo abwira wa mujura wihaniye ku musaraba. Iyi ni yo Paradizo yo mu nda y’isi abakiranutsi bajyagamo bamaze gupfa mu Isezerano rya Kera. Aho ni ho Lazaro yagiye kandi ni ho Yesu na wa mujura wihannye bagiye.
Urebye ni na ho umuhanuzi Samweli yagiye amaze gupfa. Dusoma muri 1 Samweli 28 ko igihe yarekaga umwuka w’umuhanuzi Samweli wari warapfuye ukiyereka Sawuli ukamuhanurira, wa mushitsikazi wo kuri Endori yagerageje kuvuga uko abonye Samweli aravuga ngo abonye “imana izamuka iva ikuzimu” (1 Sam. 28:13). Samweli ubwe yabwiye Sawuli ati, “Ni iki gitumye unkubaganira ukarinda kunzamura?” (1 Sam. 28:15). Urebye rero ubugingo/umwuka wa Sawuli wari uri muri Paradizo mu nda y’isi.
Bibiliya ishyigikira ko igihe Kristo yazukaga, Paradizo yasigaye ubusa nta muntu uyirimo, kandi abakiranutsi bari barapfuye mu Isezerano Rya Kera bajyananywe mu ijuru na Yesu. Bibiliya ivuga ko igihe Yesu yazamukaga mu ijuru avuye ikuzimu, “yajyanye iminyago myinshi” (Ef. 4:8-9; Zab. 68:18). Iyo minyago ndakeka ko ari ababaga muri Paradizo. Birumvikana ko Yesu atarekuye imbohe z’ikuzimu (Sheol/Hades)![4]
Yesu Yabwirije Imyuka Yo Mu Nzu y’Imbohe
(Jesus Preached to Spirits in Prison)
Bibiliya na none itubwira ko Yesu hari abantu yabwirije, imyuka itarifite imibiri, mu gihe cyo hagati yo gupfa kwe no kuzuka kwe. Dusoma muri 1 Petero 3 ngo:
Kuko na Krisito yababarijwe ibyaha by’abantu rimwe, umukiranutsi ababarizwa abakiranirwa kugira ngo atuyobore ku Mana amaze kwicwa mu buryo bw’umubiri, ariko ahinduwe muzima mu buryo bw’umwuka. Ni wo yabwiririshije imyuka yo mu nzu y’imbohe, ya yindi itumviraga Imana kera, ubwo kwihangana kwayo kwategerezaga mu minsi ya Nowa inkūge ikibazwa. Muri yo bake bararokotse ndetse ni umunani, bakijijwe n’amazi (1 Pet. 3:18-20).
Nta gushidikanya iki gice gihagurutsa ibibazo bimwe ndashobora kubonera ibisubizo. Kuki Yesu yagombye kubwiriza imyuka y’abantu batumviye Imana bagapfa mu gihe cy’umwuzure wa Nowa? Mbese yababwiye iki?
Uko biri kose iki cyanditswe kirasa nk’igishyigikira ko Yesu atamaze ya minsi itatu yose n’amajoro atatu muri Paradizo.
Umuriro
(Gehenna)
Muri iki gihe iyo imibiri y’abakiranutsi ipfuye, imyuka yabo/ubugingo bwabo buhera ko bujya mu ijuru (reba 2 Kor. 5:6-8; Fili. 1:21-23; 1 Tes. 4:14).
Abanyabyaha bo baracyajya ikuzimu (Sheol/Hades) aho babarizwa bategereje ko imibiri yabo izazurwa, bagacirwa urubanza rw’imperuka, hanyuma bakajugunywa mu “nyanja yaka umuriro,” ahantu hatandukanye n’ikuzimu (Sheol/Hades).
Iyi nyanja yaka umuriro isobanurwa n’ijambo rimwe na rimwe rijya risobanurwa ngo umuriro na ryo, ijambo ry’Ikigiriki Gehenna. Iri jambo rikomoka ku izina ry’ikimpoteri cyari hafi ya Yerusalemu mu kibaya cya Hinomu, ahantu hari harunze ibishingwe bihaborera byuzuye inyo n’iminyorogoto, kandi igice kimwe cyahoraga gishya gicumba umwotsi iteka.
Yesu avuga Gehenna, yahavuze nk’ahantu abantu bazatabwa bafite imibiri.Urugero yaravuze mu butumwa bwiza bwa Matayo ati:
N’ikiganza cyawe cy’iburyo nikikugusha, ugice ugite kure. Ibyiza ni uko wabura urugingo rwawe rumwe, biruta ko umubiri wawe wose wajugunywa mu muriro [Gehenna]….Kandi ntimuzatinye abica umubiri badashobora kwica ubugingo, ahubwo mutinye ushobora kurimburira ubugingo n’umubiri mu muriro [Gehenna] (Mat. 5:30, 10:28).
Gehinomu (Gehenna) na Kuzimu (Hades) ntibishobora gusobanura ahantu hamwe kuko Bibiliya ivuga ko abanyabyaha bajya ikuzimu ari ubugingo/imyuka idafite imibiri. Ni nyuma gusa ya ya myaka igihumbi y’ingoma ya Krisito imibiri y’abanyabyaha izazurwa bagacirwa urubanza hanyuma bagatabwa muri ya nyanja y’umuriro, cyangwa Gehinomu [Gehenna] (reba Ibyah. 20:5, 11-15). Ikindi kandi umunsi umwe, Kuzimu (Hades) na yo izatabwa muri iyo nyanja y’umuriro (reba Ibyah. 20:14), hatandukanye rero n’iyo Nyanja y’umuriro.
Umworera
(Tartaros)
Ijambo rya kane risobanurwa ngo ikuzimu muri Bibiliya ni ijambo ry’Ikigiriki tartaros. Riboneka incuro imwe gusa mu Isezerano Rishya:
Kuko ubwo Imana itababariye abamarayika bakoze icyaha ahubwo ikabajugunya mu mworera [tartaros] ikababohesha iminyururu y’umwijima ngo barindirwe gucirwaho iteka (2 Pet. 2:4).
Tartaros ubusanzwe ivugwa nk’inzu y’imbohe idasanzwe yagenewe abamarayika bamwe bakoze icyaha; kubw’ibyo rero si ikuzimu (Sheol/Hades) cyangwa Gehenna. Yuda na we yanditse kuri abo bamarayika baboshywe:
N’ abamarayika batarinze ubutware bwabo ahubwo bakareka ubuturo bwabo, ibarindira mu minyururu idashira no mu mwijima w’icuraburindi kugira ngo bacirwe ho iteka ku munsi ukomeye (Yuda 1:6).
Ibiteye Ubwoba Bya Gehinomu
(The Horrors of Hell)
Iyo umuntu apfuye atihannye, nta mahirwe yandi yongera guhabwa yo kuba yakwihana. Ibye biba birangiye. Bibiliya iravuga ngo, “Kandi nk’uko abantu bagenewe gupfa rimwe hanyuma yaho hakaza urubanza” (Heb. 9:27).
Umuriro wa gehinomu ni uw’iteka ryose, kandi abazaboherwayo nta byiringiro byo kuzavayo bihari. Yesu avuga ku gucirwa ho iteka kw’abanyabyaha yaravuze ati, “Abo bazajya mu ihaniro ry’iteka, naho abakiranutsi bazajya mu bugingo buhoraho” (Mat. 25:46). Igihano cy’abanyabyaha mu muriro kizaba icy’iteka nk’uko abakiranutsi bazaba bafite ubugingo bw’iteka.
Pawulo na we yaranditse ati:
Kuko ari ibitunganiye Imana kwitura ababababaza kubabazwa…ubwo Umwami Yesu azahishurwa ava mu ijuru, azanye n’abamarayika b’ubutware bwe hagati y’umuriro waka, ahōre inzigo abatamenye Imana n’abatumviye ubutumwa bwiza bw’Umwami wacu Yesu. Bazahanwa igihano kibakwiriye ari cyo kurimbuka kw‘iteka ryose, bakohērwa ngo bave imbere y’Umwami no mu bwiza bw’imbaraga ze (2 Tes. 1:6-9).
Mu muriro ni ahantu h’umubabaro utavugwa kuko kizaba ari igihano cy’ibihe bidashira. Abanyabyaha bazaba baboheweyo, bazahorana iteka gutsindwa n’urubanza kwabo n’ipfunwe kandi bazahura n’umujinya w’Imana mu muriro utazima.
Yesu yavuze Gehinomu nk’ahantu “mu mwijima hanze,” aho “bazaririra bakahahekenyera amenyo,” kandi “aho urunyo rwabo rudapfa kandi n’umuriro ntuzime” (Mat. 22:13; Mar 9:44). Oo, mbega uko dukwiriye kuburira abantu ku bw’aho hantu kandi tukababwira agakiza kabonerwa muri Krisito gusa!
Hari idini rimwe by’umwihariko ryigisha ku kintu kitwa purugatori, ahantu ngo abizera bazamara igihe babazwa kugira ngo bezweho ibyaha byabo ngo babone noneho kuba bakwiriye kwinjira mu ijuru. Ibyo bintu ariko ntaho wabibona muri Bibiliya.
Abakiranutsi Nyuma Yo Gupfa
( The Righteous After Death)
Iyo uwizera apfuye, umwuka we uhera ko ujya mu ijuru kubana n’Umwami. Ibi Pawulo yarabisobanuye neza igihe yandikaga avuga ku by’urupfu rwe:
Erega ku bwanjye kubaho ni Krisito, kandi gupfa kumbereye inyungu. Ariko rero niba kubaho mu mubiri ari cyo kizantera gukomeza kwera imbuto z’umurimo wanjye, sinzi icyo nahitamo. Mpeze mu rungabangabo, kuko nifuza kugenda ngo mbane na Krisito, kuko ari byo birushaho kumbera byiza cyane (Fili. 1:21-23).
Urabona ko Pawulo yavuze ko yifuza kugenda kandi ko namara kugenda azabana na Krisito. Ntabwo umwuka we uzagenda ngo umere nk’usinziriye atazi aho ari, ategereje kuzazuka (birababaje ko ari ko bamwe babyumva).
Kandi urabona ko Pawulo yavuze ko kuri we gupfa ari inyungu. Ibyo byaba ukuri gusa igihe apfuye akajya mu ijuru.
Pawulo na none yabwiye Abakorinto mu rwandiko rwe rwa kabiri ko iyo umwuka w’uwizera uvuye mu mubiri, ugenda ugataha “ukajya kubana n’Umwami”:
Ni cyo gituma dukomera umutima iteka, kandi tukamenya yuko iyo turi iwacu mu mubiri tuba dutuye kure y’Umwami wacu…kandi icyo turushaho gukunda ni ukwitandukanya n’uyu mubiri, kugira ngo twibanire n’Umwami wacu (2 Kor. 5:6-8).
Pawulo akomeza kubishimangira na none yaranditse ati:
Ariko bene Data, ntidushaka ko mutamenya iby’abasinziriye, mutababara nka ba bandi badafite ibyiringiro. Ubwo twemeye yuko Yesu yapfuye akazuka, abe ari ko twizera yuko Imana izazanana na Yesu abasinziriye muri we. (1 Tes. 4:13-14).
Niba Yesu nagaruka ava mu ijuru azazanana na we “abasinziriye,” ni ukuvuga ko bari kumwe na we mu ijuru.
Kurunguruka Ijuru
(Heaven Foreseen)
Mbese ijuru rimeze rite? Mu mitwe yacu mito ntidushobora kumva iby’ubwiza bidutegereje yo, kandi Bibiliya iduhishurira akantu gato gusa kameze nko guca amarenga ku by’aho. Ikintu kinejeje cyane ku by’ijuru ku bizera ni uko tuzareba Umwami n’Umukiza wacu Yesu tukareba n’Imana Data amaso ku maso. Tuzaba mu “nzu ya Data”:
Mu rugo rwa Data harimo amazu menshi: iyaba adahari mba mbabwiye, kuko ngiye kubategurira ahanyu. Kandi ubwo ngiye kubategurira ahanyu, nzagaruka mbajyane iwanjye, ngo aho ndi namwe muzabeyo (Yoh. 14:2-3).
Nitugera mu ijuru, tuzasobanukirwa amayobera menshi ubwenge bwacu butabasha kumva ubu. Pawulo yaranditse ati,
Icyakora none turebera mu ndorerwamo ibirorirori, ariko icyo gihe tuzarebana duhanganye mu maso. None menyeho igice, ariko icyo gihe nzamenya rwose nk’uko namenywe rwose (1 Kor. 13:12).
Igitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe kiduha neza ishusho y’uko ijuru rimeze. Rigaragara nk’ahantu bakora cyane, ubwiza butangaje, urusobe rutagira iherezo rw’ibintu bitandukanye, n’ibyishimo bitavugwa; ijuru ntabwo ari ahantu abantu bazaba bicaye gusa ku bicu ngo bacurange inanga umunsi wire!
Yohana, wigeze kwerekwa iby’ijuru, icyo yabanje kubona ni intebe y’Imana, ihuriro ry’ibyaremwe byose:
Muri ako kanya mba mu Mwuka. Nuko mbona intebe y’ubwami iteretswe mu ijuru, mbona n’Uyicayeho. Uwaruyicayeho yasaga n’ibuye ryitwa yasipi n’iryitwa sarudiyo, kandi umukororombya wari ugose iyo ntebe usa na simaragido. Iyo ntebe yari igoswe n’izindi ntebe makumyabiri n’enye. Kuri izo ntebe mbona abakuru makumyabiri na bane bicayeho bambaye imyenda year, no ku mitwe yabo bari bambaye amakamba y’izahabu. Kuri ya ntebe y’ubwami haturukaga imirabyo n’amajwi no guhinda kw’inkuba, kandi amatabaza arindwi yaka umuriro yamurikiraga imbere y’iyo ntebe. Ayo matabaza ni yo Myuka irindwi y’Imana. Imbere y’iyo ntebe hariho igisa n’inyanja y’ibirahuri isa n’isarabwayi, kandi hagati y’iyo ntebe no kuyizenguruka hari ibizima bine byuzuye amaso imbere n’inyuma. Ikizima cya mbere cyasaga n’intare, icya kabiri gisa n’ikimasa, icya gatatu cyari gifite mu maso hasa n’ah’umuntu, naho icya kane cyasaga n’ikizu kiguruka. Ibyo bizima uko ari bine byari bifite amababa atandatu atandatu, byuzuye amaso impande zose no mu nda. Ntibiruhuka ku manywa na nijoro, ahubwo bihora bivuga biti, ” Uwera, Uwera, Uwera, ni we Mwami Imana Ishoborabyose, ni yo yahozeho kandi iriho kandi izahoraho.” Iyo ibyo bizima bihaye Iyicara kuri ya ntebe ihoraho iteka ryose, icyubahiro no guhimbazwa n’ishimwe, ba bakuru makumyabiri na bane bikubita imbere y’Iyicara kuri iyo ntebe, bakaramya Ihoraho iteka ryose, bakajugunya amakamba yabo imbere y’iyo ntebe bavuga bati, “Mwami wacu, Mana yacu, ukwiriye guhabwa icyubahiro no guhimbazwa n’ubutware koko, kuko ari wowe waremye byose. Igituma biriho kandi icyatumye biremwa ni uko wabishatse” (Ibyah. 4:2-11).
Yohana yakoze uko ashoboye agerageza gushushanya mu magambo akoreshwa mu isi ibintu ubusanzwe bidashobora kugira icyo mu isi byagereranywa na cyo. Birumvikana ko nta buryo dushobora kumva neza ibyo yabonye byose keretse ubwo tuzabyirebera ubwacu. Ariko nta gushidikanya ko usoma bimuha igitekerezo.
Ibice bya Bibiliya bitanga igitekerezo cyane ku by’ijuru ni ibya 21 na 22, aho Yohana avuga Yerusalemu Nshya, ubu iri mu ijuru ariko ikazamanuka ikaza ku isi nyuma ya ya myaka igihumbi y’ingoma ya Krisito:
Anjyana ku musozi munini kandi muremure ndi mu Mwuka, anyereka ururembo rwera Yerusalemu rumanuka ruva mu ijuru ku Mana, rufite ubwiza bw’Imana. Kurabagirana kwarwo gusa n’ukw’ibuye ry’igiciro cyinshi cyane nk’ibuye ryitwa yasipi, ribonerana nk’isarabwayi. Rufite inkike nini kandi ndende n’amarembo cumi n’abiri, no ku marembo hariho abamarayika cumi na babiri….Uwavuganaga nanjye yari afite urugero rw’urubingo rw’izahabu, kugira ngo agere urwo rurembo n’amarembo yarwo n’inkike zarwo. Urwo rurembo rungana impande zose, uburebure bungana n’ubugari.Ageresha uro rurembo rwa rubingo, ageramo sitadiyo inzovu n’ibihumbi bibiri, uburebure bw’umurambararo n’ubugari n’uburebure bw’igihagararo byose birangana….Inkike zarwo zubakishije yasipi, naho ururembo ubwarwo rwubakishijwe izahabu nziza imeze nk’ibirahuri byiza….Amarembo uko ari cumi n’abiri, yari imaragarita cumi n’ebyiri, irembo rimwe ryubakishijwe imaragarita imwe, atyo atyo. Inzira nyabagendwa yo muri urwo rurembo yashigirijwe izahabu nziza isa n’ibirahuri byiza bibonerana. Icyakora sinabonye urusengero rwarwo. Kandi urwo rurembo ntirugomba kuvirwa n’izuba cyangwa ukwezi, kuko ubwiza bw’Imana ari bwo buruvira kandi Umwana w’intama ari we tabaza ryawo…..Anyereka uruzi rw’amazi y’ubugingo rubonerana nk’isarabwayi, ruva ku ntebe y’Imana n’Umwana w’intama, rutembera mu nzira nyabagendwa hagati. Hakurya no hakuno y’urwo ruzi, hari igiti cy’ubugingo cyera imbuto z’uburyo cumi na bubiri, cyera imbuto z’uburyo bumwe bumwe uko ukwezi gutashye. Ibibabi byacyo byari ibyo gukiza amahanga. Nta muvumo uzabaho ukundi, ahubwo intebe y’Imana n’Umwana w’intama izaba muri urwo rurembo, kandi imbata zayo zizayikorera. Zizabona mu maso hayo izina ryayo ryanditse mu ruhanga rwazo. Nta joro rizabaho ukundi kandi ntibazagomba kumurikirwa n’itabaza cyangwa kuvirwa n’izuba, kukoUmwami Imana izabavira kandi bazahora ku ngoma iteka ryose” (Ibyah. 21:10-22:5).
Buri muyoboke wa Krisito ashobora gutegereza kubona ibi byiza byose by’ibitangaza, niba akomeje kwizera. Nta gushidikanya ko iminsi mike ya mbere mu ijuru tuzayimara tubazanya tuti, “Oh! Burya ni ibi Yohana yageragezaga kutubwira mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe!”
[1]Bamwe bagerageza gushingira ku byanditswe bimwe nk’Itang. 37:35, Yobu 14:13, Zab. 89:48, Umubw. 9:10 na Yes. 38:9-10, bavuga ko ikuzimu (Sheol) ari ahantu n’abakiranutsi bajyaga bamaze gupfa. Ibyanditswe nta bimenyetso bitanga bifatika by’uko icyo gitekerezo ari cyo. Iyo ikuzimu haza kuba ahantu abakiranutsi n’abanyabyaha bajya bose iyo bapfuye, hari kubayo ibice bibiri bitandukanye, kimwe kikaba gehinomu ikindi kikaba paradizo, ari byo abashyigikiye icyo gitekerezo bajya bavuga.
[2] Abashyigikira iyo nsobanuro bagomba no gushyigikira bumwe mu buryo bubiri bw’indi myumvire. Uburyo bumwe bw’imyumvire ni ubuvuga ko Sheol/Hades ari izina ry’ahantu abanyabyaha n’abakiranutsi bose bajyaga bamaze gupfa, hakaba hari hagabanyijemo ibice bibiri, igice kimwe kikaba ahantu ho kubabarizwa ikindi kikaba paradizo ari ho Yesu yagiye. Ubundi buryo bw’imyumvire ni uko Yesu yamaze iminsi itatu n’amajoro atatu ababazwa ibihano by’abaciriweho iteka mu muriro w’ikuzimu (Sheol/Hades), ababazwa mu cyimbo cyacu ngo aducungure ku gihano gikwiranye n’ibyaha byacu. Ubu buryo bwombi bw’imyumvire biragoye guhamya ukuri kwabwo ukurikije ibyanditswe, kandi nta n’ubwo ari ngombwa niba Yesu atarigeze ajya ikuzimu. Icyo nicyo we yivugiye mu byukuri. Ku byerekeye uburyo bwa kabiri bw’imyumvire, Yesu ntabwo yamaze iminsi itatu n’amajoro atatu ababazwa mu bihano by’abanyabyaha, kuko gucungurwa kwacu byaturutse mu mibabaro ye ku musaraba (reba Kolo. 1:22),ntabwo ari muri iyo mibabaro y’ikuzimu bamwe bavuga.
[3] Urabona kandi ko yaba Lazaro cyangwa wa mutunzi, nubwo bari baratandukanye n’imibiri yabo, bari bakibuka ibintu byose kandi bashoboraga kubona, kumva no gukabakaba. Bashoboraga kandi kubabara no kwishimira ubahumuriza, kandi bashoboraga kwibuka ibyababayeho mu bihe byashize. Ibi bivuguruza ya myizerere y’uko “ubugingo buba businziriye,” igitekerezo kivuga ko abantu baba babaye nk’abataye ubwenge ntibagire icyo bongera kumva iyo bapfuye, bategereje kuzongera kugarura ubwenge/gukanguka igihe imibiri yabo izazukira.
[4] Bamwe bavuga ko, kandi wenda ni byo koko, iminyago ivugwa mu Abefeso 4:8-9 ari twebwe twese aho twari imbohe z’ibyaha, ariko ubu tukaba twarabatuwe biciye mu kuzuka kwa Krisito.