Paulo yandikiye Timoteyo ati:
Wirinde ubwawe no ku vyo wigisha. Wame ushishikara ivyo, kuko ni wagira urtyo uzokwikizanya n’abakwumva (1 Tim. 4:16, hashimikiwe ku nsobanuro).
Umukozi wese ategerezwa kuzirikana iyi mpanuro, aririnda ubwiwe, akaba icitegerezo c’ukwezwa.
Ubwa kabiri, ategerezwa kwiyubara ku vyo yigisha. Ugushishikara mu gakiza kwiwe n’ukw’abantu bamwumviriza gushingiye ku vyo yigisha nk’uko Paulo yavyanditse mu murongo duhejeje gusoma.
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Iyo umukozi akebereje mu nyigisho z’ibinyoma ntabe acigisha abantu ukuri kw’ijambo ry’Imana, ashira mu kaga abantu bamwumviriza.
Nta citwazo na kimwe umukozi agira abigishwa yogira ngo yigishe inyigisho z’ibinyoma. Imana yaramuhaye Mpwemu Yera n’Ijambo Ryayo bimuyoborere mu kuri. Abakozi bafise intumbero mbi ntibitaho kwiga ijambo ry’Imana. Bishinga kwigana inyigisho z’agaharawe zituma bacokera mu vyizerwa bizimiza n’inyigisho z’ibinyoma. Ikintu cotuma adacokerayo ni ukweza umutima wiwe, akemezwa neza kw’intumbero yiwe ari uguhimbaza Imana (1) n’ugufasha abantu (2) ngo bitegurire guhagarara imbere ya Yesu, si ukwironderera amatungo, kuba agahambaye na rurangiranwa. Ategerezwa kwiga ijambo ry’Imana mu bwitonzi nta ngere ashobore gutahura neza ivyo yigisha adacisha ku ruhande. Paulo yongera kwandikira Timoteyo ati,
Wame ugira umwete wo kwiha Imana nk’uwumaze kurama, umukozi atarinda guteterwa, aramiriza neza mw’ijambo ry’ukuri (2 Tim. 2:15).
Gusoma, kwiga no kwumvira ijambo ry’Imana ni wo mwitwarariko w’umukozi. Mpwemu Yera arushiriza kumutahuza ijambo ry’Imana ukw’ashishikara aryiyigisha, ni vyo bimweza, bitumwe n’ukw’“afise ijambo ry’ukuri kandi arigendera.” Imwe mu ngorane z’ishengero ry’iki gihe ni ukw’abakozi benshi basobanura ijambo ry’Imana ukutariko, abumvira inyigisho zabo bagahenebera. Ni co gituma Yakobo yagabishije abantu, ati
Bene Data, muri mwebwe ntihakabe benshi barondera kuba abigisha: murazi ko tuzocirwa urubanza ruruta iz’abandi (Yak. 3:1).
Ni co gituma umukozi agira abigishwa ategerezwa kumenya gusobanura neza ijambo ry’Imana, atahure kandi yigishe neza inyigisho iri mu canditswe cose.
Gusobanura neza ijambo ry’Imana ni co kimwe n’ugusobanura neza amajambo yavuzwe n’uwundi muntu. Ico gikorwa ntikirangwa n’ugutahura gusa amajambo yanditswe canke yasiguwe n’uwundi muntu, harimwo ivyitonderwa igihe usobanura, ayo mategeko ni yo atuma abantu batahura ivyo wasobanuye. Mur’iki gice, turaraba ivyitonderwa bikuru-bikuru bitatu igihe usobanura Bibiliya. Ivyo na vyo ni (1) Gusoma ugatahura, (2) Gusoma witondera ibivugwa mu bindi bice, no (3) Gusoma utagira aho uhengamiye.
Icitonderwa #1: Soma utahure. Sobanura nk’uko vyanditswe kiretse umugani n’imvugo ngereranyo.
Ivyanditswe, nk’izindi nyanditko zose, vyuzuyemwo imigani myinshi, harimwo imvugo ngereranyo, imvugo ndenzarugero n’imvugo isanisha abantu n’ibintu cank’ibikoko. Ivyo vyose bitegerezwa kwitwararikwa igihe usobanura.
Imvugo ngereranyo igereranya ibintu bibiri bidasa. Ivyanditswe vyuzuyemwo imvugo ngereranyo. Hari akarorero kamwe dusanga mu majambo ya Yesu atanguza ingaburo Yera :
Bariko bararya, Yesu yabira umutsima, awuhezagiye arawumanyagura, awuha abigishwa, ati “Ni mwabire, murye, uyu ni umubiri wanje.” Yabira igikombe, agishimira Imana, arakibaha, ati “Ni mukinywereko mwese, kukw’iki ar’amaraso yanje y’isezerano, aviriye benshi ngo baharirwe ivyaha” (Mat. 26:26-28).
Mbega Yesu yabwiye abigishwa biwe k’umutsima abahaye ari umubiri wiwe nya mubiri cank’umuvinyu ari amaraso yiwe nya maraso? Inyishu ubwenge bwacu butanga ni Oya. Ivyanditswe bivugako yabahaye umutsima n’umuvinyu, nta hantu na hamwe herekana ko vyahindutse, n’umubiri n’amaraso yiwe ntivyigeze guhinduka. Kandi Petero canke Yohana, bahawe iyo ngaburo y’Umwami kuri uyo musi, ntaho bigeze bandika mu vyete vyabo k’umutsima n’umuvinyu vyaciye bihunduka umubiri n’amaraso ya Yesu, nta hantu na hamwe abigishwa biwe biswe ba nangayivuza!
Hari abavuga ngo, “Yesu yavuze k’umutsima n’umuvinyu ari umubiri n’amaraso yiwe, nizera amajambo Yesu yivugiye ubwiwe!”
Ibukako Yesu yavuzeko ari irembo (raba Yohana 10:9). Wokwemezako Yesu yahindutse irembo nya rembo rifise imyugarizo? Mbega ko Yesu yiyise umuzabibu natwe atwita amashami (raba Yohana 15:5), wovugako yahindutse igiti c’uruzabibu koko? Mbega natwe turi amashami nya mashami y’uryo ruzababu? Yesu yiyise umuco w’isi n’umukate uva mw’ijuru (raba Yohana 9:5; 6:41). Wovugako Yesu ari umuco ukomoka ku zuba n’akamanyu k’umutsima?
Ayo majambo yose yitwa imvugo ngereranyo, ni imvugo igereranya ibintu bidasa ariko bifitaniye isano kanaka. Ni co gituma Yesu agereranywa n’irembo n’uruzabibu. Amajambo Yesu yavuze igihe yatanguza Ingaburo Yera ni imvugo ngereranyo. Umuvinyu ugereranywa n’amaraso yiwe (ku rugero kanaka). Umutsima ukagereranywa n’ umubiri wiwe (ku rugero kanaka).
Imigani ya Kristo (Christ’s Parables)
Imigani ya Kristo ni uturorero, iratandukanye gatoya n’imvugongereranyo kuko uturorero dukoresha utujambo nka, ni canke niho. Intumbero y’uturorero ni ugushigikira inyigisho kanaka mu kugereranya ibintu bidafitaniye isano. Kwibuka ivyo ni ngirakamaro igihe dusobanura; turashobora kuzimira igihe tugomba kurondera insiguro y’akantu kose kavuga mu mugani wose. Imvugo ngereranyo n’uturorero bigira aho bigarukira. Akarorero, mbwiye umukenyezi wanje nti, “Amaso yawe asa n’ikiyaga,” mba mvuze kw’amaso yiwe asa n’ubururu, atuje kandi akwega umutima wanje. Simba mvuzeko arimw’ifi, kw’inyoti zishobora kuyakirikimbiramwo, kw’akimirana igihe c’igikonyozi.
Reka turabe imigani itatu ishigikira ivyo navuze vyose, usanga ari uturorero gusa, uwa mbere ni umugani w’urusenga:
Kand’ubwami bwo mw’ijuru busa n’urusenga runiniya rwaterewe mu kiyaga, rukoranya ifi z’amoko yose. Rwuzuye, barukwegera i musozi, baricara bararobanura nziza mu gisangaza, mbi barazita. Uko ni ko bizoba ku muhero w’isi. Abamarayika bazoza, barobanure ababi mu bagororotsi, babaterere mw’itanure ry’umuriro; ni ho hazoba amarira no kuryanya insya z’amenyo (Mat. 13:47-50).
Mbega ubwami bw’Imana ni urusenga runiniya koko? Namba na gato! Biratandukanye cane n’aho bifatiniye isano ritoya. Nku’kw’ifi zirobanurwamwo kubiri, izikenewe n’izida-kenewe igihe zikurwa mu rusenga, ni ko bimeze no mu bwami bw’Imana. Umusi umwe ababi n’abagororotsi bazotandukanywa n’aho basanzwe babana kuri iyi si. Ni ho akarorero kagarukira. Ifi ntizitambuka, abantu baratambuka. Umurovyi ni we ararobanura ifi. Abamarayika ni bo bazorobanura ababi mu bagororotsi. Ifi zitandukanywa ku buryohe bwazo iyo zitetse. Abantu batandukanywa ku kwumvira Imana kwabo. Ifi nziza zishirwa mu bisangaza ifi mbi zikajugunywa. Abagororotsi baragwa ubwami bw’Imana ababi bagatererwa i kuzimu.
Uyu mugani werekana ingene imvugo ngereranyo n’uturorero bidahagije mu kugereranya ibintu bidasa. Ntidukwiye kwiyumvirako ukudasa gushobora guhinduka ugususa. Turazi twese kw’“ifi nziza” zitekwa ku muriro, “ifi mbi” zisubizwa mu mazi zikamarayo uwundi musi. Si vyo Yesu yashaka kwigisha! Intumbero yiwe ni iyindi.
Uyu mugani ntiwigisha (n’aho umuntu ashobora kubisobanuro uko avyishakiye) ubuhinga bwo “kurobesha urusenga”. Ubwo buhinga burobera abantu bose mw’ishe-ngero, abeza n’ababi, abashaka n’abadashaka gukurikira Umwami! Uyu mugani ntuvugako ubutumwa butegerezwa kuvugirwa i musozi. Uyu mugani ntiwemezako ishengero rizoduzwa mw’ijuru ihamwa riheze. Uyu mugani ntiwigisha ko har’abantu baremewe gukizwa n’abaremewe guhona kukw’ifi zarobanuwe ataco zibanje gukora nk’uko tubibona mur’uyu mugani. Ntuhumanye imigani ya Yesu n’insobanuro mbi!
Kwama Twiteguye (Remaining Ready)
Nguy’uwundi mugani wa Yesu usa n’uwa mbere, umugani w’inkumi cumi:
Ico gihe ubwami bwo mw’ijuru buzosa n’inkumi cumi, zazanye amatara yazo, zija gusanganira umukwe. Batanu muri bo bar’ibijuju, bandi batanu bar’abanyabwenge. Kuko vya bijuju, mu kujana amatara yavyo, bitajanye n’amavuta. Arikw’ abanya- bwenge bo, bajanye n’amavuta mu macupa yabo hamwe n’amatara yabo. Umukwe agitebaganye bose barahunyiza, barasinzira. Mu gicugu humvikana urwamo, ngo, “Nguyu umukwe! Ni musohoke mumusanganire.” Buno za nkumi zose zirazanza-muka, zitunganya amatara yazo. Vya bijuju bibwira abanyabwenge, biti “Ni muduhe se ku mavuta yanyu, kukw’amatara yacu arikw’arazima.” Arikw’abanyabwenge barabishura, “kumbure Ntiyodwikira twese: ivyiza ni muje ku badandaza mwigu-rire.” Bakigiye kugura umukwe arashika, abiteguye binjirana na we mu bukwe, urugi rurugarwa. Mu nyuma za nkumi zindi na zo ziraza, ziti, “Mupfasoni, mupfasoni, n’utwugururire.” Na we arabishura, ati “Ndababwire ukuri: Simbazi.” Nuko mwame mugavye kuko mutazi umusi canke isaha (Mat. 25:1-13).
Inyigisho ya mbere iri mur’uyu mugani ni iyihe? Tuyisanga mu ryungane rihereza: Mwame mugavye, umusi azogarukirako urashobora guteba kuruta uko mwiyumvira. Inyigisho ngiyo.
Nk’uko nabivuze mu bice biheruka, uyu mugani Yesu yawubwiye bamwe mu bigishwa biwe (raba Mat. 24:3; Mariko 13:3), bamukurikira mur’ico gihe. Bisigura ko Petero, Yakobo, Yohana na Ndereya bashobora gusangwa batiteguye igihe co kugaruka kwa Yesu. Ni co catumye Yesu abagabisha. Uyu mugani wigisha ko batanu gusa ni bo biteguriye kugaruka kwa Yesu. Izo nkumi cumi zose zariziteguye ku ntango, ariko zitanu muri zo ntiziteguye neza. Iyo Umukwe agaruka vuba, za nkumi zose cumi zarikwinjira mu bukwe.
None inkumi zitanu z’ibijuju na zitanu ziciye ubwenge zitwigisha iki? Mbega bisigurako icakabiri c’abizera ni co kizoba kikirindiriye ukugaruka kwa Kristo? Oya si vyo na gato.
Amavuta asobanura iki? Asobanura Mpwemu Yera? Oya. Mbega bitwereka kw’ababa-tijwe muri Mpwemu Yera gusa ni bo bazoja mw’ijuru? Oya.
Mbega k’Umukwe yaje mu gicugu, ukugaruka kwiwe kuzoba mu gicugu? Oya.
Ni kuki Umukwe atabwiye za nkumi zitanu ziciye ubwenge zirabeko ari za zindi zitanu ngo zugururirwe? Iyo agira gurtyo, uyu mugani nta nsiguro woba ugifise, kuko vya bipfu vyociye vyinjira.
Kumbure twovugwako vya bijuju vyabonye bitagifise umuco bica vyigira kuryama, nk’abizera b’ibijuju bagendera mu mwiza utuma basinzira mu mpwemu bigatuma bacirwa urubanza. Kumbure isano riri mu bukwe bw’uyu mukwe n’ubukwe bw’Umwagazi w’Intama, ivyo bishoboka gusa igihe umuntu adashaka kuvugisha uyu mugani ico yiyumvira.
Kwama Ivyamwa (Bearing Fruit)
Insobanuro mbi ihebuje nigeze kwumva ku migani ya Yesu ni insobanuro yahawe umugani w’urwamfu mu buro yatanzwe n’umusiguzi ntarinze kuvuga izina. Reka dusome uyo mugani:
Abacira uwundi mugani, at’Ubwami bwo mw’ijuru busa n’umuntu yabivye imbuto nziza mu ndimiro yiwe. Abantu basinziriye, haza umwansi wiwe abiba urwamfu mu buro hagati, arigira. Bumaze gusesa no kuyangika, urwamfu ruca ruraboneka. Abashumba ba nyene urugo baraza baramubaza, bati “mbega mutungwa, nti wabivye imbuto nziza mu ndimiro yawe? Non’urwamfu rwavuye hehe?” Nawe ati, “Ni umuntu w’umwansi yagize artyo!” Ba bashumba baramubaza, bati “none ugomba ko tuja kurutororokanya?” At’“Oyaye, kuko kumbure mu kurandura urwamfu mworandurana n’uburo. Mureke bikurane vyompi gushitsa mw’igenya. Maze mu gihe c’igenya nzobwira abagenyi, nti Mubanze mutororokanye urwamfu, muruhambire imikama, muruturire; arik’uburo mubwimburire mu kigega canje’” (Mat. 13:24-30).
Ehe insobanuro yatanzwe na wa musiguzi:
Igihe uburo n’urwamfu bishuritse, vyompi birasusa. Ntushobora gutandukanya uburo n’urwamfu. Ni ko bimeze mw’isi n’ishengero. Ntawushobora gutandukanya abakristo n’abatizera. Ntibashobora gutandukanywa n’ingene babaho ubuzima bwabo, kukw’abakristo benshi batumvira Kristo nk’uko bimeze kubatizera. Imana gusa ni yo izi imitima yabo, yahisemwo kuzobatandukanya igihe c’iherezo.
Iyo si yo ntumbero y’uyu mugani w’urwamfu mu buro! Vy’ukuri, wigisha ko hari itandukaniro rinini hagati y’abizera n’abatizera. Abakozi babonye ko urwamfu ruri mu murima rugishuritse (akarongo ka 26). Igituma rugaragara ni kubera yuko rutama ivyamwa. Yesu yagereranije urwamfu n’ababi kuko bazotororokanywa batabwe i kuzimu.
Uyu mugani werekana ko: Abakijijwe koko bama ivyamwa; abadakijijwe ntibama ivyamwa. Imana ntirikw’ihana abanyavyaha n’aho babana n’abakijijwe, ariko yarashizeho umusi izobatandu-kanya n’abagororotsi ikabajugunyira i kuzimu.
Yesu yatanze insobanuro y’uyu mugani kugira ngo ntihagire abawuha insobanuro itari yo:
Ubiba imbuto nziza ni Umwana w’umuntu. Indimiro ni isi. Imbuto nziza ni bo bana b’ubwami. Urwamfu ni abana ba wa Mubi. Umwansi yarubivye ni wa Murwanizi. Igenya ni umuhero w’isi. Abagenyi ni abamarayika. Nk’uk’urwamfu rutororokanywa rugaturirwa mu muriro, ni ko bizoba ku muhero w’isi. Umwana w’umuntu azotuma abamarayika biwe, n’abo bazotororokanya ibitsitaza vyose n’abakoze ibizira, babakure mu bwami bwiwe. Bazobaterera mw’itanure ry’umuriro, ni ho hazoba kurira no kuryanya insya z’amenyo. Bun’abagororotsi bazokwaka nk’izuba mu bwami bwa Se. Uri n’amatwi ni yumve (Mat. 13:36-43).
Imvugo Ndenzarugero (Hyperbole)
Iyindi mvugo y’imigani dusanga muri Bibiliya ni imvugo ndenzarugero. Imvugo ndenzarugero ni kurenza urugero igihe ushimangira iciyumviro. Iyo umuvyeyi abwiye umwana wiwe, “Naguhamagaye incuro igihumbi uze kurya,” abo akoresheje imvugo ndenzarugero. Akarorero k’imvugo ndenzarugero muri Bibiliya ni igihe Yesu yavuga ivyo guca ukuboko kw’iburyo:
Ukuboko kwake kw’i buryo ni kwagutsitaza, uguce igikonjo, ugute kure: vyokubera vyiza gupfa urugingo rumwe, hak’umubiri wawe wose woja muri Gehinomu (Mat. 5:30).
Iyo Yesu abayaravuze koko ko dutegerezwa guca ukuboko kw’iburyo igihe kudukoresheje icaha, nta muntu n’umwe yarikuba agifise ukuboko kw’iburyo! Kanatsinda, igituma ducumura ntikiri mu maboko yacu. Yesu yarikw’atwigisha kw’icaha gishobora kutujana i kuzimu, kwirinda icaha ni gukuraho ibiducumuza n’ibidutsitaza vyose.
Imvugo Isanisha Abantu n’Imana, ibikoko n’ibindi (Anthropomorphism)
Ubwoko bwa gatatu bw’imigani dusanga mu vyanditswe ni imvugo isanisha abantu n’ibikoko. Ngaha iyo mvugo ifata ibiranga umuntu ikabishira ku Mana kugira ngo bidufashe gutahura Imana. Akarorero, dusoma mw’ Itanguriro 11:5:
Maze Uhoraho amanukanwa no kuraba ico gisagara n’uwo munara, abana b’abantu bubatse (Ita. 11:5).
Iyi mvugo isanisha Imana n’umuntu kuko womenga kw’Imana yafashe urugendo iramanuka gushika i Babeli kurondera inkuru ku nyubako y’abantu kandi dusanzwe tuzi kw’izi vyose!
Abize ivya Bibiliya benshi bavuga kw’amajambo avuga ingingo z’umubiri w’Imana, nk’ibiganza Vyiwe, amaboko, izuru, amaso n’umushatsi, ari imvugo ngereranyo. Bavugako Imana ishobora vyose, ntishobora kugira ingingo nk’iz’abantu.
Ndashobora kubihakana, n’aho bimeze gurtyo, kubw’imvo zitandukanye. Iya mbere, kukw’ivyanditswe bivuga ko twaremwe mw’ishusho ry’Imana:
Imana iravuga iti, “Tureme umuntu mw’ishusho ryacu, ase natwe” (Ita. 1:26, hashimikiwe ku nsobanuro).
Bamwe bavuga ko twaremwe mw’ishusho ry’Imana kandi ko dusa nayo kuko dufise ugutahura, dushobora gukora, dufise ububasha bwo kwiyumvira n’ibindi nk’ivyo. Reka dusome igice gisa n’ico nk’uko tugisanga mw’ Itanguriro 1:26, ivyabaye mu bice bikurikira:
Nuko Adamu amaze imyaka ijana na mirongwitatu avyara umuhungu afise ishusho yiwe, asa na we, amwita Seti (Ita. 5:3, hashimikiwe ku nsobanuro).
Ibi bisobanura ko Seti yasa na Se ku buryo bw’umubiri. Nimba ari vyo Itanguriro 5:3, risigura ca gice co mw’Itanguriro 1:26 kukw’ari kwo kivuga. Ubwenge bwo gusobanura bwemeza kw’ari vyo.
Nk’uko nyene, turabona ingene abandi banditsi muri Bibiliya bavuga uko babonye Imana. Akarorero, Mose, hamwe n’abisirayeki mirongwirindwi na batatu, barabonye Imana:
Maze Mose adugana na Aroni na Nadabu na Abihu, na ba bakuru b’Abisirayeli mirongwirindwi: babona Imana y’Abisirayeli; musi y’ibirenge vyayo hameze nk’umusezero w’amabuye yitwa safiro, usa n’ijuru ubwaryo iyo ryiharanguye. Kandi ba bakuru b’Abisirayeli ntihagira ico ibagira; n’uko birabira Imana bararya, baranywa (Kuv. 24:9-11).
Ubajije Mose kw’Imana ifise amaguru n’amaboko, akwira gute?
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Uwavugishwa n’Imana yitwa Daniyeli na we yarahishuriwe Imana Data n’ Imana Mwana:
Nkomeza kwitegereza, bakiriko barashirah’intebe z’ubwami; maze hava uwa mbere na mbere [Imana Data] aravyagira; imyambaro yiwe yera nka shelegi, kand’umushatsi wiwe wasa n’ubwoya bw’intama yera derere; intebe y’ubwami bwiwe yari nk’ibirimi vy’umuriro. Kand’amakurudumu yayo yari nk’umuriro waka. Uruzi rw’umuriro rwiburuka ruva imbere yiwe; ibihumbi n’ibihumbi baramukorera, kand’amasinzi n’amasinzi bari bahagaze imbere yiwe. Imanza zirashingwa, ibitabo birazingururwa …. Kandi mu vyo neretswe mw’ijoro, nagize ntya mbona haje uwusa n’Umwana w’umuntu [Mana Mwana], azananye n’ibicu vyo kw’ijuru, aza kuri wa Wundi wa mbere na mbere, baramumushikiriza, aca ahabwa inganji n’icubahiro n’ubwami kugira ngw’amoko yose n’amahanga n’abavuga indimi zitari zimwe bamusabe: ingoma yiwe ni ingoma itazovaho, kand’ubwami bwiwe ni ubwami butazohangura. (Dan. 7:9-10, 13-14).
Ubajije Daniyeli kw’Imana ifise umushatsi wera n’umutumba kandi ko yicara ku ntebe y’ingaji, yokwishura gute?
Mfatiye ngaho, ndashobora kuvuga ko Mana Data afise umubiri w’ubwiza nah’ufise ishusho ry’umuntu, ariko uyo mubiri ntugizwe n’inyama n’amaraso, ni Mpwemu (raba Yohana 4:24).
Umuntu ashobora kumenya gute ibice vy’ivyanditswe bisobanurwa uko vyanditswe n’ibisobanurwa hisunzwe imvugo ngereranyo? Umuntu atahura neza arashobora kubimenya. Sobanura ikintu nk’uko canditswe kiretse imigani n’uturorero. Ivyavugishijwe n’Imana mw’Isezerano rya Kera hamwe n’igitabo c’ivyahishuriwe Yohana vyuzuye ibimenyetso. Usanga hari ibimenyetso bisobanuwe n’ibimenyetso bidasobanuye. Ibimenyetso biragaragara.
Icitonderwa #2: Soma utirengagiza ibivugwa mu bindi bice. Igice cose gisobanurwe hisunzwe ibice cakuwemwo hamwe n’ibindi vyanditswe vya Bibiliya. Imico na kahise vyanditswemwo bitegerezwa kwisungwa aho bishoboka hose.
Gusobanura ivyanditswe hatisunzwe kahise kavyo canke ibindi vyanditswe vya Bibiliya ni yo ntango y’ukuzazanirwa.
Urashobora kuvugisha Bibiliya ico ugomba kw’ivuga igihe utoragura ivyanditswe ubikura mu bindi vyanditswe. Wari ko har’igice c’icanditswe kivuga kw’Imana itabaho? Muri Zaburi 14 dusoma ngo “Nta Mana iriho” (Zab. 14:1). Tugomvye gusobanura ayo majambo nk’uko bibereye, dutegerezwa gusoma iryungane ryose: “Igipfapfa cibwira mu mutima, ngo ‘Nta Mana iriho’” (Zab. 14:1, hashimikiwe ku nsobanuro). Uyo murongo uciye ugira insobanuro idasanzwe!
Akandi karorero: Narigeze kwumva umusiguzi avuga kw’abakristo bategerezwa “kubatizwa mu muriro.” Yatanguriye insiguro yiwe ku majambo ya Yohana Umubatizi dusanga muri Matayo 3:11: “N’ukuri jeho ndababatiza mu mazi ngo mwihane; arik’uzoza hanyuma yanje andusha ubushobozi, ntibimbereye no kumutwaza inkweto. Uyo azobabatiza muri Mpwemu Yera no mu muriro.”
Afatiye kur’uyo murongo umwe gusa, yarabiciye biracika. Ndibuka avuga ati, “Umubatizo wa Mpwemu Yera gusa ntuhagije! Yesu agomba kubabatiza mu muriro, nk’uko vyavuzwe na Yohana Umubatizi!” Arabandanya, ati tumaze “kubatizwa mu muriro” ni ho twuzura umwete wo gukorera Umwami. Arangiza ahamagara abantu bagomba “kubatizwa mu muriro.”
Uyo musiguzi yagize ikosha risanzwe rikorwa n’abandi igihe basokora icanditswe mu murwi w’ibindi bice kirimwo.
Mbega ni kuki Yohana Umubatizi yavuzeko Yesu azobabatiza mu muriro? Ushaka inyishu, soma imirongo yitangira ico canditswe hamwe n’uwundi murongo ukurikira. Reka duhere kuri ya murongo yitangira ico canditswe. Ni ho Yohana yavuze ati:
Mwoye kwiyumvira mu mitima, muti “Dufise Aburahamu, ni we sogokuruza”. Ndababwira yukw’aya mabuye Imana ishobora kuyavyuramw’abana ba Aburahamu. Arikw’incabiti igenekerejwe ku bitsina vy’ibiti; n’uko rero igiti cose kitama ivyiza kiracibwa, kigatererwa mu muriro (Mat. 3:9-10, hashimikiwe ku nsobanuro).
Yohana yarikw’abwiriza Abayuda biyumvirako baheshwa agakiza n’ubwoko bwabo. Yarikw’avuga ubutumwa.
Turabona kandi ko Yohana yagabishije abanyavyaha ababwira ko bazotabwa mu muriro. Biratahurikak’“umuriro” Yohana avuga ku karongo ka 10 ari wo avuga ku karongo ka 11.
Bigaragara cane dusomye akarongo ka 12:
“Urutaro rwiwe ruri mu kuboko kwiwe, kand’azokubura imbuga yiwe neza, yimburire ingano ziwe mu kigega, maz’umuguruka awuturire mu muriro utazima” (Mat. 3:12, hashimikiwe ku nsobanuro).
Yohana avuga ku muriro w’i kuzimu ku mirongo ya 10 na 12. Ku murongo wa 12, akoresha imvugo ngereranyo avuga ko Yesu azoshira abantu mu mirwi ibiri—ingano, “zizokwimburirwa mu kigega” n’umuguruka “uzotongorwa n’umuriro udashira.”
Dufatiye kuri kahise, dusanga Yohana avuga ko Yesu azobatiza abantu bizera muri Mpwemu Yera ku karongo ka 11, canke umuriro ku bantu batizera. Ni ko biri, abakristo ntibakwiye kwigishwako bakeneye umubatizo w’umuriro!
Mu gushigikira iyo nyigisho, duca twihweza ico Isezerano Rishasha rivuga. Mu vyakozwe n’intumwa hari ahantu tubwirwa kw’abakristo “babatijwe mu muriro”? Oya. Ntibishobora kugereranwa n’ivyo Luka avuga ku musi wa Pentekoti, abigishwa babatijwe muri Mpwemu Yera ibirimi vy’umuriro biboneka ku mitwe yabo umwanya motoya. Ariko Luka ntavuga kw’ari “umubatizo w’umuriro.” Mbega har’ahantu mu vyete vyandikiwe abakristo, dusanga babwirwa “kubatizwa mu muriro”? Ntaho. Kirazira kubwira abakristo babatizwe mu muriro.
Ubutumwa Bw’Ibinyoma Bakura Mu Vyanditswe
(A False Gospel Derived From Scripture)
Abasiguzi n’abigisha badaserangura neza ivyanditswe ni bo bahirika ivyanditswe. Ni co gituma hari inyigisho nyishi z’ibinyoma kubijanye n’ubuntu bw’Imana.
Akarorero, Paulo yavuze kw’agakiza katazanwa n’ibikorwa, kazanwa n’ubuntu nk’uko vyanditswe muri Efeso 2:8. Abakozi benshi b’ibinyoma barahiritse uyo murongo kuko birengagije inyigisho zitangwa n’ibindi vyanditswe. Paulo we yanditse ati:
Ubuntu ni bwo bwabakijije kubw’ukwizera: na vyo nyene ntivyavuye kuri mwebwe, ni ingabire y’Imana; ntivyavuye ku bikorwa, kugira ngo hoye kugira uwirarira (Ef. 2: 8-9).
Abenshi bagerageza guhirika ayo majambo ya Paulo yemeza ko twahawe agakiza ku buntu kuko birengagiza ibindi vyanditswe vyinshi, bavuga kw’ata huriro riri hagati y’agakiza n’ukwezwa. Hari abandi bavuga ko n’aho umuntu atihanye arashobora gukizwa. Ako ni akarorero kagaragaza ingene ivyanditswe bishobora gusobanurwa nabi igihe cose insobanuro itisunze ico ibindi vyanditswe vyigisha.
Twihweze insobanuro y’uwo murongo wose duhejeje kuvuga. Paulo ntavuga ko twakijijwe ku buntu gusa, avuga ko ubuntu ari bwo bwadukijije kubw’ukwizera. Mu gukizwa, ubuntu bugira ikabanza kingana n’ico ukwizera kugira. Ivyanditswe bivuga ko ukwizera kutagira ibikorwa ari ubusa, kuba gupfuye, ntigushobora gukiza (raba Yak. 2:14-26). Paulo ntiyavuze k’ukwezwa kudafise ikibanza mu gakiza. Avuga kw’ivyo dukora bidashobora kudukiza; urufatiro rw’agakiza ni ubuntu bw’Imana. Ntitwari gukizwa iyo ubuntu bw’Imana butabaho, igihe ubuntu bw’Imana bwakiriwe mu kwizera buzana agakiza, ariko ntibigarukira ngaho. Agakiza kazana ukwumvira, ni vyo biranga ukwizera kuzima. Ivyanditswe bikikuje uyo murongo biravyemeza cane. Paulo ati:
Kuko tur’ibiremwa vyayo, twaremewe muri Kristo Yesu ngo dukore ibikorwa vyiza, ivyo Imana yateguye kera ngo tubigenderemwo (Ef. 2:10).
Turi ibiremwa bishasha muri Kristo. Mpwemu Yera yatugize bashasha ngo tugendere mu bikorwa vyiza vyo kwumvira. Ivyo bitanga igiharuro gikurikira:
Ubuntu + Kwizera = Agakiza + Kwumvira
Wongeye kwizera ku buntu bingana (canke bitanga) agakiza n’ukwumvira. Igihe twakiriye ubuntu bw’Imana mu kwizera, turonka agakiza n’ibikorwa vyiza.
Arikw’abantu bakuye amajambo ya Paulo mu mirongo iyasobanura bahinduye ico giharuro uku gukurikira:
Ubuntu + Kwizera – Kwumvira = Agakiza
Bisigura ngo: ushize ukwizera ku buntu ugakuramwo (canke ukiyobagiza) kwumvira bingana (canke bitanga) agakiza. Ico ni igihushanye c’ico Bibiliya itwigisha.
Dusomye iyindi mirongo Paulo yanditse, tubona ko Efeso yari ifise ibihe bisa n’ivy’ahandi hantu hose Paulo yabwirije. Abayuda bategetse abanyamahanga bizeye ubutumwa bwa Paulo ko bategerezwa gukebwa no kwitondera amabwirizwa ya Mose. Ivyo ni vyo “bikorwa” Paulo yavuze ko bidashobora kudukiza (raba Ef. 2:11-22).
Tubandanije gusoma, tubona kw’iyindi mirongo Paulo yandikiye Abanyefeso yerekana ko yemera k’ukwezwa ari ngirakamaro mu gakiza:
Arik’ubushakanyi n’ibihumanya vyose cank’ukwifuza ntimukabishire no mu kanwa, mube nk’uko bibereye abera: cank’ibiteye isoni, cank’amajambo y’ubupfu, cank’ibitwenza bibi, kukw’ivyo bitabereye, ikibereye ni ugushima Imana. Kukw’ibi mubizi neza, yukw’ata mushakanyi, cank’igihume cank’uwifuza (ni we asenga ibigirwamana) azogira ico aragwa mu bwami bwa Kristo n’Imana. Ntihakagire umuntu abahendesha amajambo y’ubusa: kukw’ivyo ari vyo bizanira uburake bw’Imana abantu b’intabarirwa (Ef. 5:3-6, hashimikiwe ku nsobanuro).
Iyo Paulo yemera k’ubuntu bw’Imana bukiza umunyangeso mbi, igihume cank’uwifuza atihanye, ntiyari kwandika ayo majambo. Insiguro y’amajambo Paulo yanditse, abanyefeso 2:8-9, iratahurika cane igihe turavye iyindi mirongo igize ico cete.
Akajagari K’Ab’I Galatiya (The Galatian Fiasco)
Amajambo Paulo yandikiye ab’i Galatiya yarasobanuwe nabi n’abantu batisunze ibindi vyanditswe bigize ico cete. Ni co gituma hari abantu bahindura ubutumwa bwiza. Igihe Paulo yandikira ab’i Gakatiya yashaka guhubura iyo ngeso.
Iciyumviro nyamukuru c’icete Paulo yandikiye ab’i Galatiya ni “Agakiza kazanwa n’ukwizera, si ibikorwa vy’ivyagezwe.” Mbega Paulo yashaka kw’abasoma ivyo yanditse batahura k’ukwezwa kudakenewe ku bantu baja mw’ijuru? Oya namba.
Ica mbere, Paulo yanditse arwanya Abayuda bigisha abizera b’i Galatiya bababwira ko badashobora gukizwa badakebwe no kwitondera amabwirizwa ya Mose. Paulo avuga ku kibazo co gukebwa incuro nyinshi mur’ico cete, kukw’ivyagezwe vy’Abayuda vyagishimikirako cane (raba Gal. 2:3, 7-9, 12; 5:2-3, 6, 11; 6:12-13, 15). Paulo ntiyanditse abashimira ko bitondera amabwirizwa ya Kristo, ahubwo yarabagaye kuko batacizera Kristo mu gakiza kabo. Yabagaye kuko bitondera ivyo gukebwa n’ibikorwa vyabo vy’intege nke biri mu vyagezwe vya Mose.
Twihweze ico Paulo yavuze mu cete yandikiye ab’i Gakatiya mu gice ca 5:
Ariko namba murongorwa na Mpwemu, ntimuganzwa n’ivyagezwe. Kand’ibikorwa vy’akameremere kacu biramenyekana, ni ibi: ubushakanyi, ibihumanya, ivy’isoni nke, gusenga ibigirwamana, uburozi, ubwansi, intonganya, ishari, uburake, ikeba, kwitandukanya, ibice, igono, kuborerwa, kudandahirwa, n’ibindi ben’ivyo, ivyo ndabibaburiye, nk’uko nabibaburiye kera, yukw’abakora ibisa birtyo batazoragwa ubwami bw’Imana (Gal. 5:18-21, hashimikiwe ku nsobanuro).
Iyo Paulo aba ashaka kumenyesha ab’i Galatiya ko bashobora kuja mw’ijuru n’aho batejejwe, ntiyari kwandika ayo amajambo. Ahubwo yanditse abamenyesha kw’abatejejwe badashobora kuja mw’ijuru. Abahindura ubusa ubuntu bw’Imana, ni abantu bakurikira Kristo baronderera agakiza mu gukebwa no gushitsa ivyagezwe vya Mose. Nta gakiza kari mu gukebwa. Kwizera Yesu ni kwo kuzana agakiza gahindura abizera ibiremwa bishasha:
Kuko gukebwa ata kimazi, no kudakebwa nta kimazi, ikigira ikimazi ni icaremwe gisha (Gal. 6:15).
Ibi vyose vyerekana kw’ari nkenerwa kwisunga iyindi mirongo igihe usobanura ivyanditswe. Umuntu avyiyobagiza mu gusobanura kwiwe ahinduka umwigisha w’ibinyoma. Ni co gituma dushobora kuvuga ko kuba “umukozi” b’ibinyoma ari uguhitamwo kw’umuntu.
Akarorero, narigeze kwumva umusiguzi abuza abantu kuvuga k’uburake bw’Imana mu nsiguro zabo ngw’ahubwo bavuge ko “ukugira neza kw’Imana ari kwo gushikana abantu ku kwihana” (Rom. 2:4). Ati, kuvuga ubutumwa neza ni kuvuga k’urukundo n’imbabazi z’Imana gusa. Ivyo ni vyo bituma abantu bihana.
Ariko igihe twihweje ivyanditswe uyo murongo wakuwemwo mu gice ca kabiri c’icete candikiwe Abaroma, dusanga ivyanditswe bivuga ku rubanza rw’Imana n’uburake bwiwe bweranda! Iyo mirongo Paulo yanditse ntihuza n’ivyavuzwe na wa musiguzi:
Ariko turazi ko urubanza rw’Imana ari urw’ukuri, urwo icira abakora ibisa birtyo. Wewe ga muntu, uhinyura abakora ibisa birtyo, nawe ubikora, mbega wiyumvira y’uko uzokira urubanza Imana ica? Cank’ukengera itunga ryo kugira neza kw’Imana kugushikana ku kwihana? Ariko kuk’ufise umutima ukomantaye utihana, wirindiriza uburake buzoba ku musi wo kuraka, ah’amateka abereye y’Imana azohishurwa, izokwishura umuntu wese ibikwiranye n’ivyo yakoze. Abarondera ubwiza n’icubahiro no kudapfa, bahora bakora ivyiza bihanganye, izobishura ubugingo budashira. Ariko kubakebana ntibumvire ivy’ukuri, ariko bakumvira ukugabitanya, hazoba uburake no guhambarirwa. N’amarushwa n’ivyago ku bugingo bw’umuntu wese akora ibibi, uhereye ku Muyuda, ukageza ku Mugiriki (Rom. 2:2-9, hashimikiwe ku nsobanuro).
Paulo avuga kw’Imana yihanganira abantu ikabashikana ku gakiza, abatihana ibarindiriza uburake bwayo! Umuntu arashobora kwibaza igituma umukozi w’Imana atanga insiguro irwanya inyigisho ihurizwako n’ivyanditswe vyose bigize Bibiliya. Hari uturorero twinshi abasiguzi bahurizako mu kugabisha abantu badashaka kwihana.
Uguhuriza Hamwe kw’Ivyanditswe (Scripture’s Consistency)
Kubera ko Bibiliya yahumekewe n’Umuntu umwe, ubutumwa bwayo bushimikira ku kintu kimwe. Ni co gituma twizigira kw’imiringo yose ya Bibiliya yashiriweho kwunganira ubutumwa bw’Imana dusanga mu bice vyose. Imana ntishobora kuvuga mu gice na kimwe c’ivyanditswe ibinyuranye n’ivyo ivuga mu bindi bice, igihe ubona umengo biranyuranye, utegerezwa kugira umwete wo kwiga iyo mirongo gushika ah’insobanuro yayo ihuriza hamwe. Akarorero, ahantu henshi mu butumwa bwa Yesu ku musozi, urashobora kwiyumvira kw’avuga ibihushanye, ahandi ukagira ngw’ahubuye inyigisho canke ivyo abantu bizera mw’Isezerano rya Kera. Akarorero:
Mwarumvise ko vyavuzwe, “ngw’Ijisho rihorwe irindi, n’iryinyo rihorwe irindi.” Ariko jeho ndababwire : Ntimurwanye umunyakibi: ugukubise urushi mu musaya w’i buryo umuhindukirize n’uwundi (Mat. 5:38-39).
Yesu yasubiyemwo umurongo wanditswe mu mabwirizwa ya Mose aca avuga nk’uwushinga icagezwe gishasha gihushanye n’ica Mose. Mbega ayo majambo yiwe twoyasobanura gute? Mbeg’Imana yarahinduye iciyumviro? Mbega ukwihora kwari kwemewe mw’isezerano rya kera? Hari imirongo idufasha kubitahura.
Yesu yabwiye ayo majambo abigishwa biwe (raba Mat. 5:1-2) kuko bari basanzwe bayigishwa n’abanyabwenge b’ivyanditswe n’abafarisayo mu masinagogi yabo. Mur’ivyo bibanza bigisha ngo “Ijisho rihorwe irindi, iryinyo rihorwe irindi,” ico cagezwe cahinduwe n’abanyabwenge b’ivyanditswe hamwe n’abafarisayo kuko birengagije imirongo igize ico gice. Imana ntiyagomba kw’iryo tegeko risobanurwa nk’uburenganzira bwo kwihora. Mbere no mu mategeko ya Mose yaravuze k’uguhora ari ukwayo (raba Gus. 32:35), kandi kw’abantu bayo bagirira neza abansi babo (raba Kuv. 23:4-5). Arikw’abanyabwenge b’ivyanditswe hamwe n’abafarisayo barirengagije ayo mabwirizwa bishingira insobanuro yabo nshasha ngo “iryisho rihorwe irindi” ari ukwihora.
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Birengagije imirongo itari mike.
Itegeko ry’Imana “jisho rihorwe irindi, n’iryinyo rihorwe irindi” turisanga mu yindi mirongo ivuga kuvyo kuburana muri Isirayeli (raba Kuv. 21:22-24; Gus. 19:15-21). Inzego z’ubucamanza ntizashiriweho ukwihora. Imana yashinze kw’ibirego n’imburano vyihwezwa kandi bigakurikiranwa n’abacamanza batagira aho begamiye, n’aho bishika bagafumbatishwa. Imana yagomba ko sentare n’abacamanza batanga ibihano bikwiranye n’ivyaha vyakozwe. Bisigura ngo “ijisho rihorwe irindi, n’iryinyo rihorwe irindi”.
Ni co gituma bitoroshe kunywanisha ayo majambo Yesu yavuze hamwe n’icagezwe ca Mose. Yesu yarikw’aha abari ngaho insobanuro kama y’ico cagezwe kuko kuva babaho bagendera mu nyigisho z’ibinyoma bahabwa n’Abafarisayo. Ni co gituma batari bwa menye kw’Imana yanka ukwihora. N’ukw’Abafarisayo babihiritse, vyari bimaze guhishurwa mu mategeko ya Mose. Yesu ntiyari kunyuranya n’amategeko yahaye Mose. Ahubwo yaje gushishura ubutumwa buri mur’ayo mategeko kuva agishingwa.
Ayo majambo ni yo adutahuza icifuzo ca Yesu igihe turi mu mburano. Imana ntiyashaka ko Abisirayeli bigira abejo iyo mwene wabo acumuye, ni co gituma yashinze sentare muri bo. Nk’uko nyene, Imana ntishaka kw’abakristo bigira sindabibazwa igihe abandi bizera (cank’abatizera) bakoze ivyaha. Isezerano Rishasha rivuga kw’abakristo bashamiranye borendera umuhuza muri bene Data (raba 1Kor. 6:1-6). Igihe umukristo yitwariye uwutizera kuko yamurenganije, si icaha. Ivyo vyaha bigereranywa n’ ukunokorwa ijisho canke guhongorwa iryinyo! Ivyaha bito-bito ni vyo Yesu agereranya no gukubitwa urushi mu musaya, canke kuburanywa kuber’ipfundo (nk’ishati yawe), canke kurenza umuntu umusozi umwe. Imana igomba kw’abantu bayo bayihimbaza mu kwerekana ubuntu butangaje ku vyaha bitobito n’abantu babi.
Tukiri ngaho nyene, hari abizera biyumvira ko bumvira Kristo igihe batitwarira abasahuye. Biyumvira kw’arikwo “guhindukiza uwundi musaya”. Ukwo ni ukwirererako ibisuma n’abononyi kuko ubereka kw’ata nkurikizi mbi ku caha. Abakristo nk’abo nta karorero keza bereka abasahurwa, mbere n’ibisuma bizoshishikara kukw’ivyaha bikora bidahanwa! Imana igomba kw’ibisuma bihanwa bikihana. Arikw’igihe umuntu agutsitayeko gatoya, agukubise ku musaya, ntumujane muri sentare canke umusubize ikibi. Mwereke urukundo n’imbabazi.
Gusobanura Isezerano rya Kera Twisunga Rishasha
(Interpreting the Old in Light of the New)
Ntidukwiriye kwama dusobanura Isezerano Rishasha twisunga irya Kera gusa, dutegerezwa ahubwo kwama dusobanura Isezerano rya Kera twisunga Isezerano Rishasha. Akarorero, hari abakristo benshi, igihe basomye indya zitaribwa mw’Isezerano rya Kera, bajana na rwo bakigisha ko hari indya abakristo badashobora kurya nk’uko biri mu vyanditswe. Bitumwa n’uko bisunga ivyanditswe bibiri gusa mw’Isezerano Rishasha ryose. Ese icompa bagatahura kw’ivyazira mu mategeko ya Mose bisigaye bifungurwa n’akayabagu mw’Isezerano Rishasha:
Na we arababaza, ati “mbega na mwe mur’imburabwenge murtyo? Ntimutahura yukw’ata kintu kir’inyuma iyo kigiye imbere mu muntu gishobora ku muhumanya, kuko kitagiye mu mutima wiwe, ariko kija mu nda, kigaca mu nzira yaco?” (Yemeje kw’ata ndya ihumanya) (Mariko 7:18-19).
Ariko Mpwemu avuga avyeruye yuko mu bihe bizoza bamwe bazota ivyizerwa, bagashira umutima kuvy’impwemu zizimiza no kuvy’inyigisho z’abadayimoni, bavugisha uburyarya bw’abanyabinyoma, bokejwe icapa mu mitima yabo ibagiriza ikibi, babuza kwabirana, babuza n’ivyo kurya, kandi ari vyo Imana yaremye kugira ngw’abizera, bakamenya ivy’ukuri, babirye bashima. Ico imana yaremye cose ni ciza, nti harimw’ico gutabwa, iyo cakiriwe n’uwushima: kuko kiba gihezagiwe n’ijambo ry’Imana no gusenga (1 Tim. 4:1-5).
Ntiduhambirwa ku vyagezwe vya Mose, duhambirwa ku mategeko ya Kristo mw’Isezerano Rishasha (raba 1Kor. 9:20-21). N’aho Yesu yunganiye ivyagezwe yahaye Mose (kuko bidushikana ku mategeko ya Kristo), haba We haba abigishwa biwe nta numwe yigishije kw’abakristo bategerezwa guca bugufi musi y’ivyagezwe vya Mose.
Biragaragara, abakristo bo hambere benshi bari abayuda, ni co gituma bazirikana ivyagezwe nk’ukw’imico yabo yabitegeka (raba Ivyak. 10:9-14). Ukw’abanyamahanga bashishikara kwizera Yesu, ni ko basabwa kwirinda indya ziziririjwe dusanga mu mategeko ya Mose kugira ngo ntibatsitaze Bayuda bamaze kwizera (raba Ivyak. 15:1-21). Abakristo birinda indya zaziririzwa mu mategeko ya Mose bategerezwa kwizera kw’agakiza kabo kadahagaze kur’ivyo bizira.
Bamwe mu bakristo ba mbere babwirwa ko kizira kurya inyama zaterekewe ibigirwamana. Paulo abwira abakristo batiyumvira gurtyo (nawe arimwo) ko bagendera mu rukundo rwa bene Data “kuva ku ntango y’ukwizera kwabo” (raba Rom. 14:1), birinde gutsitaza abandi. Iy’umuntu yirinzi indya kanaka kubw’icubahiro c’Imana (n’aho ivyo vyiyumviro vyiwe atari vyo), ni ashimirwe ukwo kwitangira Imana, nta gawe kukw’ adatahura. Nk’uko nyene, abirinda indya kanaka kubw’icubahiro c’Imana ntibacire imanza abazirya. Iyo mirwi ibiri itegerezwa kubana mu rukundo, ni vyo bishimisha Imana (raba Rom. 14:1-23).
Kubera yuko Bibiliya ari uguhishurwa kubandanya, dutegerezwa gusobanura uguhishurirwa kwa kera (Isezerano rya Kera) twisunze uguhishurirwa gushasha (Isezerano Rishasha). Nta guhishurirwa na kumwe Imana yigeze itanga kurwanya ukuhasanzwe; kwama kwunganirana.
Imico na Kahise k’Icanditswe (Cultural and Historical Context)
Bishobotse, dutegerezwa kwitwararika imico n’igihe handikwa igice canke umurongo turiko turiga. Kumenya imico, intara na kahise k’abantu batumberewe mu gice kanaka biradufasha gutahura cane. Kugira ngw’ivyo bishoboke, utegerezwa kugira ibitabo bidondora Bibiliya na Bibiliya nziza yo kwigiramwo. Ivyo birafasha cane.
Ntange uturorero twerekana ingene imico na kahise bidushoboza gutahura inkuru bigatuma tutazazanirwa igihe dusobanura Bibiliya:
1.) Har’igihe tubona mu vyanditswe abantu baja gusengera mu cumba co hejuru (raba Ivyak. 10:9) canke basambura idari ry’inzu (raba Mariko 2:4). Birafasha ku menyako icumba co hejuru hari mw’igorofa igihe ca Bibiliya, har’ivyuririzo vyajana hejuru kur’izo gorofa. Tudatahuye ico kintu, turashobora kwiyumvira kw’ari itegeko rya Bibiliya ryo gusengera hejuru ku mazi akuguru kamwe hasi akandi hejuru!
2.) Muri Mariko 11:12-14, Yesu yaravumye umusukoni kuko utagira insukoni, n’aho “kitari igihe co kwama insukoni.” Birafasha kumenya yukw’imisukoni igira insukoni nkeya n’ahw’atari igihe co kwama insukoni, Yesu ntiyihenze kuja kur’uwo musukoni.
3.) Muri Luka 7:37-48, maraya yinjiye mu nzu y’umufarisayo yatumiye Yesu amuzimane. Ivyanditswe bivuga kw’igihe nya mugore yinjira yahagaze inyuma ya Yesu, atonyangiriza amosozi ku birenge vya Yesu abihanaguza umushatsi wiwe, abisiga amavuta abisomagura. Ubona ivyo vyari gushoboka Yesu yicaye ku meza arikw’ arafungura. Mbega yicaye musi y’imeza? Yari guca gute mu maguru y’abari ku meza?
Inyishu tuyisanga mu majambo ya Luka avuga ko Yesu yari “yunamye ku meza” (Luka 7:37). Mu mico y’ico gihe, abantu bafungurira ku meza ntoya bakicara barambiriza ku ruhande, bishimikiza ukuboko kumwe hasi bakarisha ukundi. Ni co gituma uyo mugore yaronse akaryo ko kumusenga.
Ivyo bidutahuza ingene Yohana yashobora kwegamira Yesu ku gikiriza igihe c’Ingaburo Yera amubaza ibibazo. Yohana yegamira Yesu arabisha umugongo wiwe kuri Yesu, ni co gituma yashobora kumubaza ibibazo mu mpisho (raba Yohana 13:23-25). Igicapo rurangiranwa c’uwitwa DaVinci cerekana Yesu ari ku meza n’abigishwa biwe batandatu uruhande rumwe n’abandi batandatu ku rundi ruhande igihe c’Ingaburo Yera, cerekanako nyene kugicapa adatahura Bibiliya. Ntiyamenye kahise k’ivyo vyanditswe!
Ikibazo Kimenyereye Kubazwa kuvy’Impunzu (A Common Question About Clothes)
Ikibazo abungere bakunda kumbaza ni iki: “abakenyezi bakijijwe baremerewe kwambara ipantaro, ntituzi ko Bibiliya ibuza abagore kwambara impuzu z’abagabo?”
Iki kibazo turashobora kucishura twisunze amategeko yo gusobanura ivyanditswe mu kwisunga imico y’ico gihe.
Reka turabe ingene Bibiliya ibuza abagore kwambara impuzu z’abagabo:
Ntihaze hagire izina mukobwa yambarana impuzu n’izinamuhungu, canke ngo hagire izinamuhungu yambarana n’izinamukobwa: kuk’ukoze ivyo wese aba abaye ikizira k’Uhoraho Imana yanyu (Gus. 22:5).
Twibaze duti, “Mbega ni kuki Imana yatanze iri tegeko?” Ntiyashaka kw’abagore bambara ipantaro?
Oya, siyo ntumbero yayo kukw’ igihe Imana yavuga ivyo, nta mugabo yambara ipantaro mu Bisirayeli. Nta mugabo cank’umugore yambara ipantaro mur’ico gihe. Ahubwo mu gihe ca Bibiliya, impuzu abagabo bambara nizo abagore bambara mur’iki gihe! Kahise n’imico ni vyo bidufasha gusobanura neza iryo tegeko ry’Imana.
Mbega Imana yari itumbereye iki?
Twasomye ko kwambara impuzu z’ikindi gitsina ari ikizira ku Mana. Nta gufyina. Iyo umugabo afashe umwitwikiro w’umugore akawushira ku mutwe wiwe imisegonda itatu, mbega ni ikizira k’Uhoraho? Sindavyemera.
Imana yanka umuntu yambara impuzu y’ikindi gitsina kugira ngw’igitsina ciwe ntikimenyekane. Ni kuki hari abantu babigira? Babigira ngo bahumbishe abantu basangiye igitsina, ubwo ni ubuhumbu bw’ abasangiye ibitsina. Ni co gituma ari ikizira k’Uhoraho.
Nta muntu n’umwe ashobora kwemeza kw’ari icaha umugore yambaye ipantaro nk’uko bamwe babeshera Gusubira mu vyagezwe 22:5, kibera icaha ababigira ngo bahumbishe abo basangiye igitsina. Agumye ari umugore akambara ipantaro nta caha kirimwo.
Kanatsinda, ivyanditswe bitegeka umugore kwikwiza iyo yambaye (raba 1Tim. 2:9), za pantaro karuhariwe mu kwerekana akaranga (cank’impuzu zose zerekana akarango canke twa tujipo tugufi twitwa mini) kuko zituma abagabo babifuza. Nyinshi mu mpuzu abagore bo mu bihugu vya buraya bambara ntizibereye, ikibabaje ni ukw’ari zo zambarwa n’indaya zo mu bihugu bikenye. Nta mugore akijijwe yambara ngw’“akwegere abamwitegereza mu kwifuza.”
Ibindi Vyiyumviro Bikeya (A Few Other Thoughts)
Birataganje kubona ntarigera mbazwa n’abungere bo mu bushinwa ikibazo c’abagore bambara ipantaro. Ngira ni kubera yukw’abashinwakazi bambaye amapantaro uhereye kera cane. Kenshi ikibazo c’abagore n’amapantaro kibazwa mu bihugu bidafise abagore bambara amapantaro. Imico iratandukanye.
Biratangaje kandi kubona ntabazwa bene ico kibazo n’abagore bakorera mu gihugu citwa Myanmar, ahw’abagabo bambara impuzu zimeze nk’amajipo, ariko bo bayita longgi. Ibigize impuzu z’abagore n’iz’abagabo birasa canke bigatandukana tandukana nk’ukw’ imico itandukana. Twirinde kwemeza abandi ivy’imico yacu dufatiye kuri Bibiliya.
Mu kurangiza, ni kuki abagabo badashaka kw’abagore bambara amapantaro bitwaza Gusubira mu vyagezwe 22:5 bakiyobagiza ivyanditswe kuri bo mu Balewi 19:27:
Ntimuze mukebere umushatsi wo mu misaya, canke ngo mucacure imitwe y’ubwanwa bwanyu (Lew. 19:27).
Ni kuki abagabo barenga ivyanditswe mu Balewi 19:27 bakamwa canke bagakebera ubwanwa bahawe n’Imana kandi aribwo bubatandukanya n’abagore, ariko bagaserereza abagore bambara amapantaro ngo bigana abagabo? Ubwo ni uburyarya!
Ntaribagira, har’inkuru ifatiye kuri kahise idutahuza icatumye Imana itanga ico cagezwe mu Balewi 19:27. Gukebera ubwanwa cari ikintu kimwe mu bintu biranga abasenga ibigirwamana.
Ni Nde Arikw’Aravuga? (Who is Speaking?)
Dutegerezwa kwitwararika uwuvuga mu canditswe cose kigize Bibiliya, birafasha cane igihe dusobanura ivyanditswe. N’aho ikintu cose kiri muri Bibiliya cahumekewe, ikintu cose canditswe muri Bibiliya si ijambo Imana ririmwo impwemu y’Imana. Bisigura iki?
Mu bice vyinshi vy’ivyanditswe, hari amajambo abantu bavuze barongowe n’Imana n’ayandi bavuze batarongowe nayo. Ni co gituma tudashobora kuvuga kw’ikiri muri Bibiliya cose ca humetswe n’Imana.
Akarorero, kwiyumvira kw’amajambo ya Yobu na bagenzi biwe yahumekewe n’Imana ni ikosha rininiya. Hari ibintu bibiri bisigura ayo makosha. Ica mbere, dusanga impari za Yobu na bagenzi mu bice mirongwine na bine. Ntaho bigeze bahuza. Ivyo bihari vyabo ntivyari bihumekewe n’Imana kukw’Imana itivuguruza.
Ica kabiri, mu gusozera igitabo ca Yobu, Imana ivuga ikankamira Yobu na bagenzi biwe kubera amajambo y’ubupfu bavuze (raba Yobu 38-42).
Ni ko natwe dutegerezwa kwirinda igihe dusoma canke dusobanura Isezerano Rishasha. Hari igihe Paulo yavuga kandi akerekana iciyumviro ciwe (raba 1Kor. 7:12, 25-26, 40).
Ni Nde Abwirwa? (Who is Being Addressed?)
Ntidukwiye kwibaza gusa uwuriko aravuga, dutegerezwa kwihweza neza n’uwubwirwa. Iyo tutagize ico kintu, turashobora kwiyumvira kw’igice kanaka kibwirwa twebwe igihe kibwirwa abandi. Canke ico tubwirwa tukagisobanura nk’ikibwirwa abandi.
Akarorero, hari abantu biyitira isezerano ryo muri Zaburi 34, rivuga ngo:
Uhimbarwe n’Uhoraho na we azoguha ivyo umutima wawe ugomba (Zab 37:4)
Mbeg’iryo sezerano ribwirwa umuntu wese arisoma canke arizi? Oya, turavye iyindi mirongo, dusanga ribwirwa abantu bakwije ibikurikira:
Wizegire Uhoraho, ukore ivyiza, guma mu gihugu, ushishikare vy’ukuri. Uhimbarwe n’Uhoraho, na we azoguha ivyo umutima wawe ugomba (Zaburi 37:3-4).
Turabona ingene ari nkenerwa kumenya uwubwirwa.
Akandi karorero:
Maze Petero atangura kumubwira[Yesu], ati “raba, twebwe twararetse vyose turagukurikira.” Yesu arababwira, ati “Ndababwire ukuri, nta waretse inzu, canke bene nyina, canke bashiki biwe, canke nyina, canke Se, cank’abana, cank’itongo, kubwanje no kubw’ubutumwa bwiza, atazobishumbushwa ijana mur’iki gihe ca none, amazu, na bene nyina, na bashiki biwe, na ba nyina, n’abana, n’itongo, bisukiranijwe no guhamwa, kandi mu gihe kizoza azohabwa ubugingo budashira” (Mariko 10:28-30).
Biroroshe kwatura “k’uzoshumbushwa ijana ku rindi” igihe utanze amahera yo gushigikira umuvugabutumwa kanaka. Mbeg’iryo sezerano rivuga k’umuntu nk’uyo? Oya, ryahawe abantu baheba imiryango yabo, amatongo n’amazu kubera kuvuga ubutumwa, nk’uko Petero yabikoze. Ni co gituma yabajije Yesu ico bazoshumbushwa.
Biratangaje kubona kw’abantu bigisha gushumbushwa incuro ijana bavuga ku nzu n’amatongo gusa, abana n’ihamwa ntibigera babivuga kandi biri mw’isezerano! Mbere Yesu ntiyasezeranye k’uwuzoheba inzu yiwe azoshumbushwa amazu ijana. Yasezeranye yukw’igihe uhevye imuryango n’inzu, uzokwugurirwa irembo n’abo usanze mu bwami bw’Imana. Abigishwa b’ukuri ntibarazwa ishinga no kugira ivyo bisangije kukw’ata butunzi bafise bokwiyitira—ivyo bafise vyose babibikijwe n’Imana.
Akarorero Ka Nyuma (A Final Example)
Igihe abantu basoma “Insiguro ya Yesu kuri Elayono” nk’uko yanditswe muri Matayo 24-25, biyumvira ko yariko abwira abantu badakijijwe bagasozera bavuga kw’iyo nsiguro itabaraba na gato. Bavuga yuko imigani y’umushumba mubi n’uw’inkumi cumi yabwirwa abatizera. Ariko nk’uko maze kubivuga, iyo migani yompi yabwirwa abigishwa ba Yesu (raba Mat. 24:3; Mariko 13:3). Kubera yuko Petro, Yakobo, Yohana na Ndereya bagabishijwe ngo Yesu ntagaruke batiteguye, natwe turakeneye kugabishwa. Impanuro za Yesu mu nsiguro yiwe y kuri Elayono ziraba uwizera wese abimenya canke atabimeya.
Icitonderwa #3 Soma utagira aho uhengamiye. Ntuhindure ivyo usomye. N’iyo wosoma ibinyuranye n’ivyo wizera, ntugerageze guhindura Bibiliya; Hindura ivyo wizera.
Twese dusoma ivyanditswe dufise ivyo twizera. Kubera ivyo, biratugora gusoma Bibiliya tudahengamye. Turuhira gushira ivyo twizera mu vyanditswe ha kureka Bibiliya ihundure ivyo twizera. Hari n’igihe turondera imirongo yo shigikira ivyo twizera, mu kwirengagiza imirongo ihushanya n’ivyo twizera. Vyitwa “Kwemeza-ivyanditswe.”
Ndabahe akarorero k’umuntu yemeza ivyanditswe ivyizerwa vyiwe. Uyo musiguzi yatanguye gusoma muri Matayo 11:28-29, amajambo ya Yesu tumenyereye:
Ni muze kuri jewe mwese abananiwe n’abaremerewe, ndabaruhura. Mwikorere ingata yanje, munyigireko; kuko nd’umurwaneza, niyoroheje mu mutima; namwe muzoronka uburuhukiro bw’imitima yanyu (Mat. 11:28-29)
Uyo musiguzi avuga ko Yesu yarikw’atanga ubwoko bubiri bw’uburukuko. Uburuhuko bwa mbere (nk’uko yiyumvira) ni uburuhuko bw’agakiza buvugwa kuri 11:28, ubwa kabiri ni uburuhuko bw’abagira abigishwa kuri 11:29. Uburuhuko bwa mbere buboneka igihe umuntu yizeye Yesu; ubwa kabiri ni igihe umuntu atanguye kumwumvira, canke kwikoreza ingata ya Yesu.
Mbeg’ico ni co Yesu yar’atumbereye? Oya, ukwo ni ugushira ivyizerwa vyawe mu vyanditswe kandi atahuriro canke isano na rimwe bifitaniye. Yesu ntiyavuze kw’atanze uburuhuko bubiri. Abananiwe n’abaremerewe yabahaye uburuhuko bumwe gusa, kandi inzira imwe gusa yokuburonka ni kwikoreza ingata ya Yesu, ni kwo kumwumvira. Iyo ni yo yari intumbero ya Yesu.
Ni kuki uyo musiguzi yatanze yabisobanuye gurtyo? Ni ukw’ico canditswe kidashigikira ivyizerwa vyiwe bivuga ko hari ubwoko bubiri bw’abakristo—abizera n’abigishwa. Ni co gituma atasobanuye ico canditswe neza.
Kanatsinda, nkuko twabibonye mu bindi vyanditswe vyinshi ku ntango y’iki gitabo, insobanuro y’uwo musiguzi ntihuza n’izindi nyigisho Yesu yatanze. Mbega Isezerano Rishasha ryigisha ko mw’ijuru hazoba ubwoko bubiri bw’abakristo, abizera n’abigishwa? Abizera b’ukuri ni abigishwa. Abatari abigishwa s’abizera. Kuba umwigishwa n’icamwa c’ukwizera kw’ukuri.
Twihatire gusoma Bibiliya tutagira aho duhengamiye, imitima yacu itagira uburyarya. Nitwabigenza durtyo, tuzokwumvira twongere twihebere Kristo.
[1]
Biragaragara, Paulo yizera k’uwukijijwe ashobora gutakaza agakiza. Iyo ataba avyizera, ntiyari kubwira Timoteyo, umuntu dusanzwetuzi ko yar’akijijwe, ngo yitondere ibizotuma akira we n’abamwumviriza.
[2]
Mose yarabonye n’ibitugu vy’Imana igihe “Yarengana.” Imana yamukingirije urushi ntabone mu nyonga ziwe; raba Kuv. 33:18-23.
[3]
Ni vyiza kumenyesha ko Yesu yari amaze kubwira abamwumviriza ngo ukugororoka kwabo ni kutasumba ukw’abanyabwenge b’ivyanditswe n’Abafarisayo, ntibazoja mw’ijuru (raba Mat. 5:20). Yesu yarabandanije ahishura inzira zitandukanye zerekana kw’abanyabwenge n’abafarisayo ari ruhebwa.