Icigwa co kwahukana no gusubira kurongorana gitegerezwa gukurikiranwa n’abakristo batagira uburyarya. Har’ibibazo bibiri ngenderwako mur’iki cigwa: (1) Ni ryari, kwahukana vyemerwa mu nyonga z’Imana? Na (2) ni ryari, gusubira kurongora vyemerwa mu nyonga z’Imana? Amadini menshi n’amashengero y’igenga arafise inyigisho zivuga kuvyemerwa n’ibitemerwa iwabo, ivyo vyose vyenena ku nsobanuro baha ivyanditswe. Dutegerezwa kububaha no kwubaha ivyo bizera—igihe ivyo bizera biva ku mutima wo gukunda Imana. Vyoba vyiza, hamwe n’ivyo, ko twese tugira ivyizegwa Bibiliya ishingira intahe ibice 100 kw’ijana. Umukozi agira abigishwa ntiyigisha ibirwanya intumbero y’Imana. Kandi ntashobora kuremeka abana b’Imana imitwaro Imana ubwayo idashaka ko bikorera. Ni mur’iyo ntumbero, ngomba kugira uko nshoboye kwose nsobanure invyanditswe kur’iri jambo rizazanira abantu kandi ndaguhaye akaryo ko kuvyemera canke kuvyanka.
Reka mpere kukubwira yuko, nka we, nanje mbabazwa n’ingene kwahukana bikwiye mw’isi hose. Ikimbabaza cane n’ukw’abiyita abakristo bamwe bamwe bariko barahukana, mbere n’abitwa abakozi b’Imana barimwo. Iri ni ibara. Dukwiriye kugira ukodushobora kwose duhagarare turwanye irwirirana ry’iri shano, kandi inyishu nziza y’ikibazo co kwahukana ni kuvuga ubutumwa no guhamagarira abantu kwihana. Igihe abantu babiri babana kandi bamaze kuvuka ubwa kabiri koko no gukurikira Kristo, ntibazokwigera bahukana. Umukozi agira abigishwa azogira ivyo ashobora vyose bituma urugo rwiwe rurama, akamenya yukw’akarorero atanga ni yo nzira ikomeye yo kuvuga ubutumwa.
Reka nongereko maze imyaka mirongibiri n’itanu nubatse mu munezera kandi ntari bwigere n’ubaka imbere yaho. Sinshobora kwiyumvira ingene no kwahukana. Nta ntumbero mfise yo guhindura ivyanditswe bivuga ku vyokwahukana ku nyungu yanje. Ahubwo, ngirira impuhwe abantu bahukanye, nkamenya yuko narigushobora kwihenda nkir’umusore, nkarongora umuntu nzoshika aho umusi umwe tuzogeragezwa tukahukana, canke umuntu adashobora kunyihanganira nk’umugore wanje narongoye. Mu yandi majambo, narigushobora kwahukana, ariko sinahukanye kubw’ubuntu bw’Imana. Ndiyumvira kw’abantu benshi bubatse bashobora gutahura ivyo mvuga, rero dutegerezwa kwirinda gutera amabuye abantu bahukanye. Tur’iki, abafise ingo zigumye, ngo dushobore gucira imanza abahukanye, kandi tutazi na gato ivyo baciyemwo? Imana irashobora no kubaharurako ukugororoka kudusumba, kukw’izi yuko twebwe, iyo duca muvyo baciyemwo, twari kuba twarahukanye kuva kera.
Nta muntu n’umwe arongora kugira ngo azeyahukane, kandi ndizera kw’ata muntu yanka kwahukana nk’uwumaze kubona ingaruka mbi zo kwahukana. Rero ni vyiza gufasha abubakanye kugumana, kandi tugafasha abamaze kwahuka kuronka ubuntu Imana yababikiye. Ivyo mvuga biri mu mpwemu.
Ndagerageza kureka ivyanditswe vyisobanure. Ndamaze kubona yukw’ivyanditswe kur’iki cigwa babisobanura nabi gushika aho birwanya ico ibindi vyanditswe bivuga, ari no co kimenyamenya c’uko iyo mirongo yatahuwe nabi, canke igice.
Urufatiro (A Foundation)
Reka duhere k’urufatiro rw’ukuri dushobora kwemera twese. Ivyanditswe bivuga kw’Imana idashigikiye kwahukana muri rusangi. Uhereye mu gihe abagabo b’abisirayeli birukana abagore babo, yavugiye mu mukozi wayo Malaki:
Kuko nanka ivyo kwahukana…nanka n’uwutwikira umwambaro wiwe umuryano….Nuko rero mwirinde mu mitima yanyu mwoye kuryarukana (Mal. 2:16).
Ibi nta n’umwe bishobora gutanza igihe amenye ingeso y’urukundo n’ingeso y’Imana, canke k’umuntu azi ingene kwahukana vyonona abagabo, abagore n’abana. Dutegerezwa gusuzuma ingeso n’intumbero y’umuntu yahukanye muri rusangi. Imana ni rukundo (raba 1Yohana 4:8), kandi yanka kwahukana.
Abafarisayo barabajije Yesu ko vyemewe kwahukana ku “mvo iyari yo yose.” Inyishu yiwe yerekana ingene yanka kwahukana. Vyongeye, kwahukana nta n’umwe avyifuza:
Abafarisayo baza kuri we bamugeza, baramubaza, “bati Mbega biremerwa k’umuntu yirukana umugore wiwe kubw’inyanduruko y’ikintu cose?” Na we arabishura, “ati Nta ho murasoma yuk’uhereye mbere na mbere Rurema yabaremye mur’uburyo bubiri, ikavuga, ‘iti Ni co gituma umuntu azosiga se na nyina, akabana n’umugore wiwe akaramata’? bompi bakaba umubiri umwe? Bituma batakiri babiri, ariko baba babaye umubiri umwe. Nukw’ico Imana yamatanije, umuntu ntaz’akimature” (Mat. 19:3-6).
Turazi ko har’ih’ubwoko bubiri bw’ivyiyumviro mu barongozi b’Abayuda igihe ca Yesu. Tuzoraba ayo mashule abiri y’ivyiyumviro ido n’ido, ariko ndashobora kubamenyesha yuko bamwe bumira ku vyagezwe abandi ba sindabinezwe. Abumira ku vyanditswe bizera k’umuntu ashobora kwirukana umugore wiwe kubera imvo zikomakomeye. Ba sindabinezwe bizera k’umuntu ashobora kwirukana umugore wiwe ku mvo iyari yo yose, harimwo no kuronka uwundi mugore mwiza. Ibi vyizerwa ni vyo Abafarisayo bisunze mu kugerageza Yesu.
Yesu yakoresheje ivyanditswe ahereye kw’Itanguriro vyerekana yukw’intumbero y’Imana ari uguhuza umugabo n’umugore akaramata, s’ivy’imfatakibanza. Mose yavuze kw’Imana yagize ibitsina bibiri mu ciyumviro co kugira umuryango umwe, kand’uwo muryango washiriweho kugiranira imigenderanire. Igihe ishezweho, igira igiciro kinini kuruta imigenderanire umuntu agiriranira n’abavyeyi biwe. Abagabo barareka abavyeyi babo bakaja kubana akaramata n’abagore babo.
Ikirengeye vyose, gushirwa hamwe mu guhuza ibitsina bibajana mu bumwe Imana yabashiriyeho. Biragaragara, ukunywana nk’uko, gutuma barondoka, nti kwashizweho n’Imana ngo kube imfatakibanza, ahubwo kwama ibihe vyose. Ndiyumvira k’ubwoko bw’inyishu yahaye Abafarisayo bwerekana ukubabara kwa Yesu gutumwe n’ico kibazo babajije. Imana ntiyatumbereye na gato kw’abantu birukuna abagore babo kubera “imvo iyariyo yose.”
N’ubundi, Imana ntiyari yiteze k’umuntu azocumura, ariko twese twaracumuye. Kubw’imbabazi ziwe, Imana yarashizeho inzira idukura mu buja bw’icaha. Ikirengeye vyose, arafise ico yotubwira igihe dukoze ic’adashoka ko dukora. Nkuko nyene, Imana ntiyiteze ko hagira uwahukana, ariko kwahukana vyarabayeho kukw’abantu batumvira Imana. Imana ntiyantangaye igihe haba ukwahukana kwa mbere canke ukwahukana kutagira igitigiri kw’abandanije kugeza kur’uyu musi. Rero ntavuga gusa ko yanka kwahukana, arafise n’ico abwira abantu iyo bamaze kwahukana.
Mw’Itanguriro (In the Beginning)
Dufatiye k’urufatiro rumaze gushirwaho, turashobora gusuzuma ivy’Imana yavuze ku kwahukana no gusubira kurongorana. Kanatsinda amajambo azazanira abantu cane n’amwe Yesu yabwiye Abisirayeli ku vyo kwahukana no kurongorana; biradufasha gutangura kwiga ivyo Imana yabwiye Mose kur’ico cigwa haraheze imyaka amajana n’amajana. Dusanzwe tuzi yukw’ivy’Imana yavugiye muri Mose ari vyo yavugiye muri Yesu, twosanga bidahuje twoca tuvuga kw’ivyagezwa vya mbere vy’Imana vyahindutse canke ko twasobanuye nabi amajambo ya Mose na Yesu. Duhere ku kwahukana no gusubira kurongora.
Ndamaze kuvuga igice c’Itanguriro 2, nk’uko Yesu yabivuze, gifitaniye isano n’icigwa co kwahukana. Ubu rero, reka dusome ibirimwo:
Urwo rubavu Uhoraho Imana akuye mur’ uwo muntu, arukuramw’umugore, umuzanira uwo muntu. Maz’uwo muntu aravuga, “at’Uyu n’igufa ryo mu magufa yanje; n’akara ko mu mara yanje; azokwitwa umugore kuko yakuwe mu Mugabo.” Ni co gituma umuntu azosiga se na nyina, akabana n’umugore wiwe akaramata, bakaba umubiri umwe (Ita. 2:22-24).
Iyi niyo ntango y’urugo. Imana yaremye umugore wa mbere imukura mu mugabo wa mbere kand’imuremure kuba uw’uyo mugabo, kandi imuzana yo nyene kuri we. Mu majambo ya Yesu, “Imana…yarabamatanije” (Mat. 19:6, hongeweko insobanuro). Uru rugo rwa mbere Imana yahezagiye rubera akarorero ubukwe bowe buzokurikira. Imana irema igitigiri kingana c’abagabo n’ic’abagore, kandi ibarema kugira ngo bazobane n’abo badasangiye igitsina. Turashobora kuvuga ko n’ubu Imana igitegura ubukwe mu buryo bwiyaguye (n’aho ubu umuntu umwe yironderera benshi kurusha Adamu we yahawe Eva gusa). Nuko, nkuko Yesu yabivuze, ntihakagire uwumatura ico Imana yamatanije. Nti yar’intumbero y’Imana kw’uwo muryango utandukana, ariko harih’imigisha yo kubana mu gukundana no gufashanya bari babikiwe. Kurenga ubugombe bw’Imana vyahindutse icaha. Guhera ku gice ca kabiri ca Bibiliya, biragaragara kw’Imana itari itumbereye ukwahukana.
Ivyagezwe vy’Imana Vyanditswe mu Mitima (God’s Law Written in Hearts)
Nsabe n’aboba batarasoma igice ca kabiri c’Itanguriro ko bamenya yuko kwahukana ari bibi, igihe habaye isezerano ryo kwabirana mu mico mwinshi y’abapagani rirubahirizwa n’aho bataba bazi Bibiliya. Nkuko Paulo yanditse mu cite ciwe ku Baroma:
Abanyamahanga badafise ivyagezwe n’Imana iyo bakoze ibibwirizwa navyo kubwabo, baba bihindukiye ivyagezwe naho batabifise: kuko berekana igikorwa kibwirijwe n’ivyagezwe canditse mu mitima yabo ijwi ryo mu mitima yabo ribwiririkanya na co, ar’icabona cavyo, kand’ivyo biyumvira bifatanya kubarega canke kubaregura (Rom. 2:14-15).
Inyigisho z’Imana zo gukora iciza zanditswe mu mitima y’abantu bose. Kandi, izo nyigisho tuzisanga mw’ijwi ryo mu mutima. Niho handitse ivyagezwe Imana yahaye umuntu wese, kiretse ab’isirayeli, uhereye kuri Adamu ugashitsa kuri Yesu. Umuntu wese yahukanye usanga ijwi ryo mu mutima wiwe rimutera intambara, kand’inzira imwe gusa yo kunesha iryo jwi ryo mu mutima ni kurondera ibishigikira uko kwahukana. Igihe yahukanye atagira imvo imushigikira, ijwi ryo mu mutima wiwe riramutsinda, n’aho yoryiyobagiza.
Mfatiye ku vyo tuzi, kuva ku ruvyaro rwa mbere ugashika k’urwa mirongwibiri n’indwi, kuri Adamu gushitsa igihe Mose yahabwa ivyagezwe vy’Abisirayeli nko mu mwaka wa 1440 Kristo ataravuka, icagezwe c’ijwi ryo mu mutima ni ryo hishurirwa Imana yahaye umuntu wese, n’abisirayeli barimwo, ku vyerekeye kwahukana no gusubira kurongora; Imana yabonako iryo jwi rizobafasha gufata ingingo zibereye. (Wibuke yuko Mose atari we yanditse Itanguriro 2 gushika igihe co kuvayo.) Birumvikana iy’umuntu yiyumviriye yukw’ivyo bihe mirongwibiri n’indwi ivyagezwe vya Mose bitaratangwa, harimwo n’igihe c’umwuzure wo kuri Nowa, amamiriyoni y’ubukwe yahukanye. Kandi birumvikana iyo tuvuze kw’Imana, itigera ihinduka, yamye yitegurira guharira abaguye mur’ico caha co kwahukana iyo bihanye icaha cabo. Turazi kw’abantu bashobora gukizwa, canke guharurwa n’Imana ukugororoka, n’imbere yuko Mose ahabwa ivyagezwe. Aburahamu yaharuwe ukugororoka kubwo kwizera (raba Rom. 4:1-12). Nimba abantu bashobora guharurwa ukugororoka kubwo kwizera kwabo guhera igihe ca Adamu ugashitsa kuri Mose, bisigura yuko barigushobora guharirwa icaha cose, n’ukwahukana kurimwo. Uko tubandanya twinjira mur’iki cigwa co kwahukana no gusubira kurongora, nguma nibabaza nti: mbega abantu baguye mu caha co kwahukana Mose atarahabwa ivyagezwe ariko bagaharirwa ivyaha vyabo n’Imana kuko bemejwe n’ijwi ryo mu mitima yabo (kukw’atavyegezwe vyanditswe vyari ho) har’icaha boharurwako igihe basubiye kurongora? Ico ni ikibazo.
None abaguye mu mporero kuko birukanywe, abirukanywe ata kosha bagize, kubera ubube gito bw’abo bubakanye bo? Mbega ijwi ryo mu mitima yabo rirashobora kubabuza kwubakana n’abandi? Ntavyo nzi. Nk’umugabo ahevye umugore wiwe akabira uwundi, ni igiki cotuma uyo mugore atawe atarongorwa ahandi? Kw’ikosha Atari rwiwe.
Ivyagezwe vya Mose (The Law of Moses)
Gushika ku gitabo ca gatatu muri Bibiliya ni ho tubona ukwahukana n’ugusubira kurongora bivugwa amenya. Ivyagezwe vya Mose vyarabuza abaherezi kurongora abagore bahukanye:
Ntihaze hagire uwabira maraya muri bo, cank’uwumaze kwononekara, kandi ntihagire uwabire uwirukanywe n’umugabo wiwe: kuk’umuherezi ari uwera kuri jewe, Imana yiwe (Lew. 21:7).
Nta hantu na hamwe kiretse mu vyagezwe vya Mose abakuru bo mu b’Isirayeli babuzwa ico kintu kumugaragaro. Ikirengeye vyose, uyu murongo uvuzwe usigura (1) ko harih’abagore bahukanye muri Isirayeli (2) kand’atakibi k’uwutari umuherezi mu b’Isirayeko kurongora umugore yigize kurongorwa. Ico cagezwe cahawe abaherezi gusa n’abagore bahukanye bagomba kurongorwa n’abaherezi. Nta kibi cari, mu vyagezwe vya Mose, ku mugore yahukanye gusubira kurongorwa, igihe atarongowe n’umuherezi. Nta kibi cari ku wundi mugabo, akize kutaba umuherezi, kurongora umugora yahukanye.
Umuherezi mukuru (ikigereranyo c’ubukuru bwa Kristo) yasabwa kubaho ubuzima bwejejwe canke buri hejuru y’abandi baherezi mu ngeso. Ntiyari yemerewe no kurongora umupfakazi. Turasoma iyindi mirongo mu Balewi:
Arik’umupfakazi, cank’uwirukanye, cank’uwumaze kwononekare, canke maraya, ntaz’agire uwo yabira muri bo, atari inkumi yirongoroye yo mu bwoko bwabo (Lew. 21:14).
Mbega uyu murongo werekana yuko car’icaha k’umupfakazi wese mu b’Isirayeli gusubira kurongorwa canke ko car’icaha k’umugabo wese mu b’Isirayeli kurongora umupfakazi? Oya, si vyo na gato. Ahubwo uyu murongo werekana yukw’atacaha kirimwo igihe umupfakazi uwariwe wese arongowe n’umugabo uwariwe wese igihe atari umuherezi mukuru, kandi bisigura yuk’umugabo wese dukuyemw’umuherezi mukuru yari yemerewe kurongora umupfakazi (raba Rom. 7:2-3; 1 Tim.5:14).
Kandi uyu murongo usigura, hamwe n’umurongo twabonye (Lew. 21:7), yuko ata kibi na kimwe cariho igihe umugabo mur’Isirayeli (akire kuba atari umuherezi mukuru) arongoye umugore yahukanye cank’uwumaze kwononekara, “maraya.” Bisigura kandi yuko, igihe c’ivyagezwe vya Mose, ata kibi cariho igihe umugore yahukanye asubiye kurongorwa cank’umugore “yononywe n’ubumaraya”arongowe, igihe atarongowe n’umuherezi mukuru. Imana yari yahaye abasambanyi n’abahukanye irindi bakwe, n’aho atemeranya n’abasambanyi hamwe n’abahukana.
Gusubira Kurongora Bisubira Kubuzwa
(A Second Specific Prohibition Against Remarriage)
Mbega Imana yahaye umugore yahukanye “ibakwe ryo kurongorwa” kangahe? Mbega turashobora kuvuga yukw’Imana yahaye abagore bahukanye ibakwe rimwe gusa igihe c’ivyagezwe vya Mose, ibemerera gusubira kurongwa rimwe gusa? Ryoba incamake ribi cane. Turasoma mu vyagezwe vya Mose yuko,
Umuntu niyarongora umugeni, hanyuma ntamushime, kuko har’igiteye isoni yamubonyeko, amwandikire icete co kuvavanura, akimuhe, amwirukane mu rugo rwiwe. Ni yamara kuva mur’urwo rugo, ahobora kwabirwa n’uwundi. Kand’uwo mugabo wa kabiri ni yamwanka, akamwandikira icete co kuvavanura, akamwirukana mu rugo rwiwe, cank’uwo mugabo wa kabiri yamwabiriye agapfa; umugabo wiwe wa mbere ya mwirukanye ntaz’amugarukane, kuko yamaze kwononekara; kukw’ivya ar’ikizira k’Uhoraho; ntimuze mukwegere icaha igihugu Uhoraho Imana yanyu ibaha kw’ishamvu (Gus. 24:1-4).
Menya yuko mur’iyi mirongo, umugore amaze kwahukana kabiri ni abuzwa (canke rimwe cank’umugore amaze gupfakara rimwe) gusubira kurongorwa n’umugabo wiwe wa mbere. Nta caha kivugwa iyo asubiye kurongorwa ubugira kabiri, kandi amaze kwahukana ubugira kabiri (cank’apfakaye ubugira kabiri), yabujijwe gusa gusubira k’umugabo wiwe wa mbere. Ikigaragara n’uko yaba yemerewe gusubira kurongorwa n’uwundi mugabo (igihe yemeye kumorongora). Iy’ab’ari icaha iyo asubiye kurongorwa, Imana ntiyari kurinda kuvuga aya majambo. Yari kuvuga ati, “uwahukanye wese arabujijwe gusubira kurongora canke kurongorwa.”
Ikirengeye vyose, iy’Imana yemerera uyu mugore kurongorwa ubugira kabiri, maze umugabo yamurongoye acahukana ubwa mbere ntacaha yari kuba afise. Kandi yemerewe gusubira kurongorwa ubugira gatatu, umugabo amurongoye acahukana ubwa kabiri nta caha azoba yakoze (kiretse ar’umugabo wiwe wa mbere). Rero Imana yanka ukwahukana yarakunda abantu bahukanye, kandi yabahe irindi bakwe.
Incamake (A Summary)
Reka mvuge mu ncamake ivyo tumaze kubona vyerekeye ukwahukana: N’ah’Imana yavuze kwidakunda ukwahukana, ntaho yigeze ivuga imbere canke igihe c’Isezerano rya Kera yuko gusubira kurongora ar’icaha, kiretse mu bihe bibiri: (1) umugore amaze kwahukana rimwe canke kabiri cank’umupfakazi gusubira ku mugabo wiwe wa mbere hamwe (2) n’umugore amaze kwahukana adashobora kurongorwa n’umuherezi. Ikindi rero, Imana ntaho yavuze yuko kurongora umugore yahukanye ar’icaha kiretse ku muherezi.
Ibi bihushana n’ivyo Yesu yavuze ku Bantu bahukanye bagomba gusubira kurongora hamwe n’abarongora abantu bahakunye. Yesu yavuze kw’abo Bantu ar’abasambanyi (raba Mat. 5:32). Rero bisigura yuko dutahuye nabi Mose canke Yesu, cank’Imana yarahunduye ivyagezwe vyiwe. Niyumvira yuko twoba tudatahura neza ivyo Yesu yavuze; kuko ntivyumvikana kw’Imana ishobora kwiyadukiza kwita icaha ibintu vyari bimenyerewe kw’atar’icaha imyaka igihumbi n’amajana tanu mu vyagezwe yahaye Abisirayeli.
Imbere yo kwinjira neza mur’aya majambo asa n’ayahushana, reko mvuge yukw’uruhusha Imana yatanze rwo gusubira kurongorwa mw’isezerano rya Kera ntirwaraba icatumye umuntu yahukana cank’amakosha afise ingene angana igihe yahukana. Imana ntiyigeze ivuga yuko har’abantu runaka bahukanye ariko badashobora gusubira kurongorwa kubera yukw’imvo zatumye yahukana atari canke zidakwiye. Ntiyavuze yuko har’abantu runaka bemerewe gusubira kurongorwa kubera yuko ukwahukana kwabo kwemewe n’amategeko. Arikw’ivyo bigirwa n’abakozi bo mur’iki gihe mu kwisunga intahe z’umuntu umwe. Akarorero, umugore yahukanye agerageza kwemeza umwungere wiwe yukw’akwiriye kumwemerera gusubira kurongorwa kuko we ata kosha afise ryotumye umugabo wiwe umwirukana—ngo siwe yanse umugabo. Arik’uyo mwungere yokwumviriza umugabo w’uyo mugore, yoca aba ku ruhande rw’umugabo birashobora k’umugore yari inyamaswa n’umunyamahane.
Ndazi umugore n’umugabo baba mu buzima bwo gusotorana kugira ng’umwe ateshwe yemere kwahukana kukw’ata n’umwe muri bo ashaka kwagirizwa ko ari we yirukanye uwundi. Umwe wese ashaka yukw’inyuma yo kwahukana ashobora kuvuga ko bitamuvuyeko, uwo bubakanye ni we yamwirukanye canke yijanye, kugira ngw’ashobore kwemererwa gusubira kurongora. Turashobora kubesha abantu, ariko ntidushobora guhenda Imana. Akarorero, Imana ibona gute umugore yima umugabo wiwe, n’ah’ijambo ry’Imana ribibuza, agaca asaba kwahukana kuko umugabo wiwe asifaye arenga ibigo? Mbega uyo mugore nta caha kimufata, ntari mu vyatumwe uko kwahukana?
Wa muntu yahukanye kabiri twabona mu Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 24 amategeko ntashigikiye uko kwahukana kwiwe. Umugabo wiwe wa mbere yamubonyeko “igiteye isoni”. Namba ico “giteye isoni” ar’ubusambanyi, yategerezwa kwicwa nkukw’ivyagezwe vya Mose, bitegeka ko yicishwa amabuye (raba Lew. 20:10). Rero, namba ubusambanyi ari yo mvo yemewe yo kwahukana, umugabo wiwe wa mbere nta gituma co kumwirukana yar’afise. Mu rundi ruhande, wa mugore arashobora kuba yarasambanye, ariko we, kukw’ar’umugororotsi nka Yosefu, “agahitamwo kumubengera mu mpisho” (Mat. 1:19). Har’ibintu vyinshi cane dushobora kuvuga ngaha.
Umugabo wiwe wa kabiti arashobora “kumwirukana.” Ubugira kandi, ntituzi uwufise amakosha canke ko bayasangiye. Uko bimeze kwose nta gihinduka. Ubuntu bw’Imana bwarabemerera gusubira kurongorwa n’umuntu wese ashaka kurongora umugore yahukanye kabiri, ariko ntabe wa mugabo wiwe wa mbere gusa.
Impari (An Objection)
“Nk’ubwira abantuko bemewe kwahukana ku mvo iyari yo yose, barashobora kwahukanishwa n’akantu ubusa kugira ngo basubire kurongora,” nk’uko dukunda kubibona. Niyumvira ko hari abanyedini batitaho kunezereza Imana ariko babuza abantu kwahukana. N’aho ari igikorwa ciza, ni ukwiruhiriza ubusa. Abantu bumvira Imana mu mitima yabo, ahubwo, ntibarondera akaryo ko gucumura. Bifuza kunezereza Imana gusa, kand’abantu nk’abo ni bo bagira ingo ziramye. Ikirengeye vyose, Imana ntiyakurikirana abantu cane igihe bahukana mw’isezerano rya Kera n’aho ari ku mvo zitemewe, kuko yahaye Isirayeli icagezwe gituma barongora ubugira kandi.
Mbega turashobora kureka kubwira abantu yukw’Imana yiteguye guharira icaha cose, kugira ngo ntibace bacumura kuko bazi ko baca bagirirwa imbabazi? Bisanzwe, tuzoca tureka kuvuga ubutumwa bwiza. Vyongeye, bisubira ku kugene umutima w’umuntu umeze. Abakunda Imana ntibabazwa no kuyumvira. Ndazi neza cane kw’imbabazi z’Imana ziriho igihe cose ndazisavye, hatarinze kurabwa ubwoko bw’icaha nakoze. Arikw’ivyo ntibituma ngira umwete wo gucumura, kuko nkunda Imana kandi navutse ubwa kabiri. Nahinduwe n’ubuntu bw’Imana. Nifuza guhimbaza Imana gusa.
Imana irazi yukw’idakenye kwongera ingaruka mbi y’icaha co kwahukana kugira ngw’abantu bace batinya kwahukana. Kubwira abantu bafise ingo zidahagaze neza yukw’atari vyiza kwahukana kuko batemerewe gusubira kurongora ntibituma bifuza kuguma bubatse. N’ah’akwizera, ahitamwo kwahukana hakw’aguma mu muriro udashira wo mu rugo rwiwe kwahukana bimubera nko kuja mw’ijuru.
Paulo Kuvyo Gusubira Kurongora (Paul on Remarriage)
Tutaratangura kurondera isano riri hagati y’amajambo ya Yesu na Mose ku vyerekeye gusubira kurongora, dukwiriye kumenya yuko har’uwundi yanditse muri Bibiliya yemeranya na Mose, yitwa intumwa Paulo. Paulo yanditse yuko gusubira kurongora kw’abantu bamaze kwahukana atar’icaha, mu kwemeranya n’ivyanditswe mw’Isezerano rya Kera:
Ku vy’inkumi, simfise icagezwe n’Umwami wacu; ariko ndababwira ivyo niyumvira, nk’umuntu yagiriwe ikigongwe n’Umwami, ngo mbe umwizigirwa. Nuko ndiyumvira yuko ari vyiza kubw’igihe kigoye ca none, yukw’ari vyiza k’umuntu aguma ukw’ari. Wahambiriwe ku mugore? Nturondere kubohorwa. Wabohowe ku mugore? Nturondere umugore. Arikw’iyo urongoye, nta caha uba ukoze, n’inkumi iyo irongowe nta caha iba ikoze, ariko abameze bartyo bazogira amagorwa mu mubiri, ariko jewe nagomba kuyabakingira (1 Kor. 7:25-28, hongeweko insobanuro).
Nta nkeka Paulo yarikw’abwira abantu bahukanye mur’iki gice. Yarahanuye abubatse, abatarubaka, n’abahakunya kuguma uko bari ati ni kubera amagorwa y’abakristo mur’ico gihe. Hamwe n’ivyo, Paulo yasiguye neza kw’abamaze kwahukana, inkumi barongoye canke barongowe nta caha baba bakoze.
Menya ko Paulo atadomye urutoke ku caha co gusubira kurongora. Ntiyavuze yuko gusubira kurongora vyemewe igihe uwahukanye atacaha camwagira igihe yahukana. (mbega ni nde ashobora kumenya ivyo atar’Imana ubwayo). Ntiyavuze yuko abemerewe gusubira kurongora ari bamwe bahukana batarakizwa gusa. Oya, yavuze neza ko gusubira kurongora atar’icaha ku bantu bamaze kwahukana.
Mbega Paulo Arashigikiye Ukwahukana (Was Paul Soft on Divorce?)
Kubera yuko Paulo yashigikiye igikorwa c’ubuntu ku bahukanye, ntibisigura yukw’ashigikiye kwahukana? Oya, Paulo yararwanya kwahukana muri rusangi. Mur’ico gice nyene co mu cete ca ciwe ca mbere yandikiye ab’i Korinto, yashizeh’icagezwe gihuriza hamwe n’ingene Imana yanka kwahukana:
Abamaze kurongorana, ndababwira, ariko si jewe, n’Umwami wacu, umugore yoye kuvana n’umugabo wiwe; arikw’aramutse avanye na we, abe igisubiramuhira, canke yisubize hamwe n’umugabo wiwe. Kand’umugabo yote guta umugore wiwe. Arikw’abandi ni jewe mbabwira, s’Umwami wacu. Mwene Data asanzwe afise umugore atizera, kand’uwo mugore agakunda kubana na we, yoye kumuta. Kand’umugore afise umugabo atizera, na we agakunda kubana na we, yoye kuvana n’umugabo wiwe. Kuk’umugabo atizera yezwa kubw’umugore wiwe, kand’umugore atizera yezwa kubwa mwene Data uyo. Iyo bitamera birtyo, abana banyu baba ar’ibuhame, ariko noneho n’abera. Arik’utizera namba agomba kwahukana, ni yahukane. Mwene Data w’umugabo canke w’umugore ntahambirwa, iyo bimeze birtyo. Imana yaduhamagariye amahoro. Yewe mugore, ubwirwa n’iki yuk’uzokiza umugabo wawe? Yewe mugabo, ubwirwa n’iki y’ukuzokiza umugore wawe? Ariko gusa uk’Umwami wacu yagabiye umuntu wese, kand’ukw’Imana yamuhamagaye, abe ari kw’amera. Ni ko ngera mu mashengero yose (1 Kor. 7:10-17).
Menya yuk’ubwa mbere Paulo yabwira abizera bubakanye n’abizera. Abo ntibashobora kwahukana, kanatsinda, na Paulo aravuga yukw’atari we abagera, ariko ni Umwami. Kand’ivyo bihuriza hamwe n’ivyo tumaze kubona vyose.
Raba rero aho bigumiye. Paulo yar’azi yukw’abizera na bo bishobora gushika bakahukana. Igihe bishitse, Paulo avuga yuk’umuntu yirukanywe canke yirukanye uwundi ategerezwa adashobora kurongora canke kurongorwa ahubwo arashobora kwisubiza k’uwo bari bubakanye. (n’aho abibwira abagore ndizera yuko n’abagabo barimwo.)
N’ubu, ivyo Paulo yanditse ntibishobora kudutangaza. Yabanje gushiraho icagewe c’Imana ku vyerekeye ukwahukana, arikw’arazi yukw’icagezwe c’Imana gishobora kugararizwa. Rero igihe icaha co kwahukana gishitse hagati y’abizera babiri, aratanga izindi mpanuro. Umuntu yirukanye uwundi ategerezwa kuguma uko nta rongore canke arongorwe ahubwo yemerewe kwisubiza ku mutambukanyi wiwe. Iki ni co coba ciza cane igihe abizera bahukanye. Igihe bose bagumye gurtyo har’iho ivyizigiro ko bashobora gusubirana. Kandi, igihe umwe arongoye cank’arongowe, ivyizigiro vyo gusubirana biba birangiye (kandi, iy’aba ar’icaha gidashobora guharirwe, nta mvo yotumye Paulo avuga yuko bategerezwa kuguma gurtyo canke bagasubirana.)
Waruzi ko Paulo yamenye yuko n’iyo nzira ya kabiri idashobora kwama yubahwa imisi yose? Niko niyumvira. Ngira ntayabandanije kuvuga ibindi kuko yizera yukw’abakijijwe bashobora guharirana bagasubirana nkukw’abigisha kur’iyo nzira ya mbere, vyanse na ho ni ho bogira iyo nzira ya kabiri. Nta nkeka abakurikira Kristo b’ukuri, iyo bagize ingorane mu rugo, bokora ico bashobora vyose bazigame urugo rwabo. Kandi uwizera, amaze kugerageza kuzigama urugo rwiwe, yumva ata kundi yogira atar’ukwahukana, uyo mukristo kubera isoni bimutera hamwe n’icifuzo co guhimbaza Kristo ntashobora kwiyumvira gusubira kurongora, kandi yo kwama yizera yuko asubirana n’umutambukanyi wiwe igihe bigishoboka. Bisa n’ahw’ingorane nya mukuru mw’ishengero ku vyerekeye kwahukana ari kubera yukw’ishengero rifise igitigiri kinini c’abizera b’ibinyoma, abantu batigeze bizera canke ngo bumvire Umwami Yesu.
Dufatiye kuvyo Paulo yanditse muri 1 Ab’i Korinto 7 tubona kw’Imana yiteze ibintu binini ku bayizera, abantu Mpwemu Yera yagerereyemwo, kuruta ivyo yiteze ku batizera Paulo yanditse, na we nyene, kw’abizera batokwahukana igihe abo bubakanye batizera kandi bagomba kubanya babana. Ubugira kandi, n’iyi mpanuro yiwe ntidutangaje, kuko bihuriza hamwe n’ivyo tumaze kubona mu bindi vyanditswe. Imana iranka kwahukana. Hamwe n’ivyo, Paulo aragera ahw’avuga, yukw’abatizera batumvira Imana basavye kwahukana, uwizera ategerezwa kubemerera. Paulo arazi neza kw’abatizera batumvira Imana, kandi abatizera ntibashobora gukora nk’abizera. Reka nongereko mvuga nti igihe uwutizera ashimye kugumana n’uwizera aba yerekanye y’uko yemera ubutumwa bwiza, canke k’uwizera babana atar’uwizera koko ahubwo n’umukristo wo kuri telefone.
Ubu rero ni nde yovuga k’uwizera yahukanye n’uwutizera adashobora gusubira kurongora? Paulo ntiyigeze avuga ikintu nk’ico, nk’uko yavuze ku bizera babiri bahukanye. Twari guca twibaza imvo yotuma Imana yanka k’uwizera yahukanye n’uwutizera adasobora kurongora canke kurongorwa. Mbega har’iciza vyozana? Arik’urwo ruhusha rumeze nk’uruhushanye n’ivyo Yesu yavuze vyerekeye gusubira kurongora canke kurongwa: “uwurongora umugore yahukanye aba asambanye” (Mat. 5:32). Iki rero, gitumye ngira amatsiko ku nsobanuro twahaye amajambo Yesy yavuze.
Ingorane (The Problem)
Yesu, Mose na Paulo bahuriza hamwe kuvuga yuko kwahukana ari icaha c’umuntu umwe canke bompi. Bose ntibashigikiye kwahukana muri rusangi. Arikw’ingorane mbone ngiyi: twokurahe isano riri hagati y’ivyo Paulo na Mose bavuze ku vyerekeye gusubira kurongora canke kurongorwa? Nta nkeka bategerezwa guhuriza hamwe kuko bompi bahumekewe n’Imana ngo bavuge ivyo bavuze.
Reka dusuzume neza ivyo Yesu yavuze turabe n’abo yabwira. Kabiri kose mu njili ya Matayo tubona Yesu avuga ku vyo kwahukana no gusubira kurongorana, rimwe mu nsiguro yiwe yo ku musozi na rindi rimwe igihe yabazwa n’Abafarisayo. Reko duhere ku kiyago ca Yesu n’Abafarisayo:
Abafarisayo baza kuri we bamugeza, baramubaza, “bati Mbega biremerwa k’umuntu yirukana umugore kubw’inyanduruko y’ikintu cose?” Na we arabishura, “ati Ntaho murasoma yuk’uhereye mbere na mbere Rurema yabaremwe bar’ubwoko bubiri, ‘ikavuga, iti Ni co gituma umuntu azosiga se na nyina, akabana n’umugore wiwe akaramata, bompi bakaba umubiri umwe? Bituma batakiri babiri, ariko baba babaye umubiri umwe, nukw’ico Imana yamatanije, umuntu ntaze akimature.” Baramuba, “bati None se, n’iki catumye Mose agera ko bamuha icete co kuvavanura, aka mwirukana?” Arabishura, “ati Mose yabarekuye kwirukana abagore banyu kukw’imitima yanyu ikomantaye. Ariko uhereye ubwa mbere hose ntivyari bimeze gurtyo. Ariko ndababwire: umuntu wese yirukana umugore wiwe atamuhoye ubusambanyi, akabira uwundi, aba asambanye; kand’uwubira uwahukanye aba asambanye” (Mat. 19:3-9).
Mu kugeza Yesu, Abafarisayo bavuze igice c’ivyagezwe vya Mose nk’uko nigeze kuvyerekana, Gusubira mu vyagezwe 24:1-4. Havuga ngo, “Umuntu ni yarongora umugeni, hanyuma ntamushime, kuko har’igiteye soni yamubonyeko namwandikire icete co kuvavanura, akimuhe, amwirukane mu rugo rwiwe…” (Gus. 24:1, dushimikiye ku nsobanuro).
Mu gihe ca Yesu, harihw’imipfunda ibiri y’ivyiyumviro bitandukanye bisobanura “igiteye isoni.” Nk’imbere yaho imyaka mirongwibiri, umwigisha yitwa Hillel yigisha kw’igiteye isoni ari i0ngorane zidashobora gutorerwa umuti. Igihe Yesu yagiranira ikiyago n’Abafarisayo, insobanuro ya “Hillel” yarimaze gushinga imizi, gushika igihe ukwahukana vyemerwa no ku kantu gatoya kabaye hagati y’umugore n’umugabo, ikibazo c’Abafarisayo kiravyerekana aho bavuga kahikuna birashoboka ku nyanduriko y’”ikintu cose”. Har’uwashobora kwirukana umugore wiwe kuko yazigije ivyo kurya, ko yashize umunyu mwinshi mu ndya, ne could divorce his wife if she burned his dinner, put too much salt on his food, kuko amavi yiwe yapfukurutse mu Bantu, kukw’imishatsi yiwe yakoze hasi, kuko yavugishije uwundi mugabo, ko yavuze nabi inabukwe, cank’atagira ivyara. Umugabo yari yemerewe kwirukana umugore wiwe kuko yabonye uwundi amuruta akaranga, ico kigahinduka “igiteye isoni.”
Uwundi mwigisha, Shammai, yabayeh’imbere ya Hillel, yigisha yukw’”igiteye isoni” car’igihumanya, nk’ubusambanyi. Nkuko ushobora kuvyiyumvira, mu Bafarisayo bo mu gihe ca Yesu, insobanuro ya Hillel ni yo yakundwa cane kuruta iya Shammai. Abafarisayo babaho bigisha k’ukwahukana vyemewe kubw’inyanduruko y’ikintu cose, ni ho kwahukana vyari bigwiriranye. Abafarisayo, mu buryarya bwabo, bashimikira ku guha umugore wawe icete co kuvavanura igihe umwirukanye kugira ngo “ntusenyure ivyagezwe vya Mose.”
Ntitwibagire ko Yesu yarikw’Abwira Abafarisayo
(Don’t Forget that Jesus’ was Speaking to Pharisees)
Ko dufise uku gutahura muri twebwe, turashobora gutahura neza ico Yesu yarwanya. Imbere yiwe har’umurwi w’indyarya ugizwe n’abigisha b’abanyedeni, benshi muri bo, namba atari bose, bari bamaze kwahukana rimwe canke kenshi, kandi kenshi ari kubera babonye abarusha ubwiza ubo bari bubakanye. (Ndiyumvira yukw’atari igihamana nsiguro yo ku musozi ikurikirana n’amajambo yokwirinda kwifuza kubi, n’iyindi nzira y’ubusambanyi.) Ariko baritsindanishiriza, bavuga ko bubashe ivyagezwe vya Mose.
Ikibazo cabo gihishura imitima yabo. Barizera koko k’umuntu ashobora kwirukana umugore wiwe ku nyanduruko y’ikintu cose. Yesu yaraseruye umugaga uri mu gutahura kwabo intumbero y’Imana ku ngo mu kuvuga amajambo ya Mose ku vyo kwabirana mw’Itanguriro igice ni 2. Imana ntiyigeze itegura ko haba ukwahukana, canke ukwahuka ku bw’inyanduruko y’”ikintu cose,” arikw’abarongozi b’ab’Isirayeli birukana abagore babo nkukw’imiyabaga isambura “ukwigumya” kwabo!
Ndiyumvira yukw’Abafarisayo bari bamaze kumenye uruhande rwa Yesu mu vyo kwahukana, nkuko yabivugira ku mugaragaro, nabo baza n’uburyarya bwabo ngo: “N’iki catumye Mose agera ko bamuha icete co kuvavanura, akamwirukana?” (Mat. 19:7).
N’iki kibazo cerekana ikibi kiri mu mitima yabo. Bavuze mu buryo ushobora kwiyumvira ko Mose yategetse abagabo kwirukana abagore babo igihe bababonyeko “igiteye isoni,” no gutanga icete co kuvavanura cemewe, ariko nkuko twabonye igihe twasoma Gusubira mu vyagezwe 24:1-4, yukw’atari yo ntumbero ya Mose na gato, yarikw’atunganya ingo mu kubuza k’umugore asubira ku mugabo wiwe wa mbere.
Kubera ko Mose yavuze k’ukwahukana, baciye bafata yuko vyemewe ku mvo runaka. Ariko raba ingene irivuga Yesu akoresha mu kwishura, yabarekuriye, ritandukanye n’iry’Abafarisayo bakoresheje mu kubaza: agera. Mose yarabarekuriye kwahukana; ariko ntiyabageze kwahukana. Igituma Mose yarabarekuriye kwahukana kw’ari ugukomantara kw’imitima yab’Isirayeli. Bisigura yukw’Imana yabarekuriye kwahukana kukw’imitima yabo y’ivyaha ariho yabajana. Yamenye kw’abantu batazoba abizigirwa kubo bubakanye bagakora ibihumanya. Yar’azi kw’imitima y’abantu izokomereka. Rero arekura kw’abantu bahukana. Si vyo yari yateguye guhera mbere, arikw’icaha ni co cabitumye.
Igikurikira, Yesu aha Abafarisayo icagezwe c’Imana, mbere no gusobanura ico Mose yise “igiteye isone” ni : “Umuntu wese yirukana umugore wiwe atamuhoye ubusambanyi, akabira uwundi, aba asambanye; kandi uwabira uwahukanye aba asambanye” (Mat. 19:9, hongeweko insobanuro). Mu nyonga z’Imana, ubusambanyi ni co kintu kimwe gusa cotuma umugabo yirukana umugore wiwe, kandi ndashobora kubitahura. Ni giki cotuma umugore canke umugabo ababaza akomeretsa uwo bubakanye? Igihe asambanye, aba arungikiye ubutumwa bubi uwo bubakanye mbere n’abandi babibonye canke bavyumvise. Yesu ntiyavuze ku busambanyi gusa igihe yakoresha ijambo “igihumanya.” Gusomagura no gukuyakuya umugabo cank’umugore atari rwawe n’icaha gihumanya, nko kwirigwa uraba amasinema y’ubusambanyi, n’ibindi bihumanya. Menya ko Yesu yagereranije ukwifuza no gusambana mu nsiguro yiwe yo ku musozi.
Ntitwibagire abo Yesu yarikw’arabwira—Abafarisayo birukana abagore babo kubw’imvo y’ikintu cose bagaca bihutira kurongora, kand’aho, bavuga kw’Imana nyabujije gusambana kugira ngw’abantu ntibarenge ibwirizwa ry’indwi. Yesu yababwiye yuko bariko baribesha. Ivyo bakora ntaho bitandukaniye n’ubusambanyi, kand’ivyo birumvikana cane. Umuntu wese w’imvuga kuri arashobora gutahura yuk’umuntu yahukanye kugira ngw’arongore cank’arongorwe aba arikw’akora ivy’abasambanyi bakora, arikw’akahishisha ivyagezwe n’imirongo yiyumvira kw’imuvugira.
Umuti (The Solution)
Uru nirwo rufunguzo ruhuriza hamwe inyigisho za Yesu, iza Mose na Paulo. Yesu yarikw’agaragaza uburyarya bw’Abafarisayo. Ntiyarikw’ashira ho icagezwe kibuza gusubira kurongorana. Ahandi ho, yarikuba anyuranije n’ivyo Mose na Paulo bigishije no kuzazanisha amamiriyoni y’abahukanye n’abusubiriye kurongorana. Namba Yesu yarikw’ashira ho icagezwe ku vyo gusubira kurongorana, none twobwira iki abamaze kwahuka no gusubira kurongara canke kurongorwa? Tubabwire ko baba mu busambanyi, kandi tuzi ko Bibiliya ivuga yukw’ata musambanyi azoragwa ubwami bw’Imana (raba 1Kor. 6:9-10), tubabwire basubire kwahukana? Mbega Imana ntiyanka ukwahukana?
Tubabuze gusubira kurangura amabanga y’abubatse n’abo bubakanya gushika aho abo batanguye kwubakana bapfuye kuko bazoba bariko barasambana? Mbega Paulo ntiyabujije abubatse ko bimana? Mbega ivyo ntivyotuma bageregezwa bagahava basambana canke bakorondera ingene bokwica bamwe bubakana ubwa mbere kugira ngo bibohore?
Mbega tubabwire bahukana basubire kuri bamwe batangura kwubakana (nkuko bamwe babivuga), ivyo birabujijwe mu vyagezwe vya Mose mu Gusubira mu vyagezwe 24:1-4?
Mbega abahukanye n’ubu batararongora canke kurongorwa? Namba barekuriwe gusubira kurongora canke kurongorwa gushika igihe abo bubakana basambanye, ni nde azomenya ko ubusambanyi bwahabaye? Kugira ng’umuntu asubire kurongora canke kurongorwa, mbega har’abantu bazokenerwa baze gushinga intahe kw’abo bubakanye bihumanije, mu gihe abandi bazoza kwemeza yukw’abo bubakanye basambanye?
Nkuko nigeze kubaza, umuntu yasambanye kuk’uwo bubakanye yamwimye duca tumushira hehe? Wumva uwimanye ari we yokwemererwa kurongora canke kurongorwa maze uwasambanye ntiyemerwe kurongora canke kurongorwa?
Umuntu yasambanye atara rongora canke kurongorwa? Ubwo busambanyi ntibwerekana kw’atar’umwizigirwa ku mutambukanyi wiwe bagiye kuzobana? Mbega ico caha ntikingana n’ubusambanyi igihe uwo basambanye yari yubatse? Ni kuki uyo muntu yemerewe kwubaka urwiwe?
Ni gute iy’abantu babiri babanye, bitazwi n’amategeko, bagaca “bavana.” Ni kuki bemerewe kurongora canke kurongorwa kandi bahukanye, ni kubera yuko batanditswe mu mategeko? Batandukaniye hehe n’abahukana bagaca barongora canke barongorwa?
Rya jambo rivuga kw’”ivya kera vyose biba bishize” “vyose biba bibaye bisha” igihe umuntu abaye umukristo (raba 2 Kor. 5:17)? Vyoba bivuga ku bwoko bwose bw’icaha kiretse icaha co kwahukana?
[1]
bishobora kubazwa ni yo mpamvu yo kwiyumvira ko Yesu atariko ashira ho icagezwe gishasha kijanye no gusubira kurongora canke kurongorwa. Kandi Yesu yar’azi ingene ico cagezwe gishasha co shurika amashami azana kuzazanizwa. Ivyo birakwiye kutwemeza yuko yarikw’ashira ahabona uburyarya bw’Abafarisayo—bifuza, b’abanyedini, indyarya birukana abagore babo ku “kintu cose” bakihutira kurongora abandi bagore.
Nta nkeka ni yo mvo yatumwe Yesu abita “abasambanyi” mu gishingo co kuvuga kw’ivyo bakora ari bibi kuko yagomba ko babona yuko kwahukana ku bw’inyanduruko y’ikintu cose no guca barongoka ubugira kandi ataho batandukaniye no gusambana, naho bavuga ko badasambana. Mbega twovuga yuko Yesu yarazwa ishinga n’ubusambanyi bagira igihe basubiye kurongora, kandi yari kwemera gusubira kurongorana igihe bemeye ko batagiye kurangura amabanga y’abubatse? Oya namba. Rero reka tureke kumuvugisha ivy’atavuze.
Ukugereranya Kwiza (A Thoughtful Comparison)
Reka twiyumvire abantu babiri. Umwe arubatse, umunyedini, avuga kw’akunda Imana n’umutima wiwe, agaca atangura kwifuza umukobwa w’umubanyi wiwe. Vuba cane aciye yirukana umugore wiwe no kwihutira kurongora wa mukobwa wo kwifuza kwiwe.
Uwundi mugabo nta dini agira. Nta butumwa arumva kandi yiberaho mu caha, ubwo buzima nibwo bwatumwe yahukana. Haheze imyaka mikiya, aracibana wenye, ng’uyo arumvise ubutumwa bwiza, arihanye, no gutangura gukurikira Yesu n’umutima wiwe wose. Inyuma y’imwaka itatu akunze umugore akijijwe yasanze mw’ishengero. Bose barahanuje Imana n’abagenzi, hanyuma y’ivyo bafashe ingingo yokwubakana. Barubakanye, kandi barashigikirana mu gukorera Imana mu bwizigirwa kugeza ku rupfu.
Rero, reka dufateko bompi bacumuye kuko barongoye, ni nde mur’abo afise icaha kinini? Nta nkeka, ni wa mugabo wa mbere.
None uwa kabiri wewe ni gute? Ubona asa n’uwacumuye? Wumva vyovugwa kw’ataho atandukaniye n’abasambanyi, nka wa mugabo wa mbere? Siko niyumvira. Mbega twomubwira ivyo Yesu yavuze ku bantu bahukana bagasubira kurongora, tukamubwira yukw’abanye n’umugore Imana itamuhaye, kukw’Imana imuharurako wa mugore wa mbere? Wumva twomubwira yukw’ari mu busambanyi?
Inyishu ziragaragara. Ubusambanyi bugirwa n’abubatse bifuza abo batubakanye bo. Rero kwirukana uwomwubakanye kuko washimye uwundi ni co kimwe no gusambana. Arik’umuntu adakijijwe ntashobora gusambana kukw’ata mutambukanyi afise ngw’amubere umwizigirwa. Tumaze gutahura ico Yesu avuga muri Bibiliya, ntidushobora kuvuga amajambo atagira urufatiro dusange turiko turwanya ico Bibiliya yigisha.
Ni ho rere, igihe abigishwa bumva inyishu Yesu ahaye Abafarisayo, baciye bavuga bati, “Ivy’umugabo n’umugore asangwa bimeze birtyo, noneho kurongora n’ikigoye” (Mat. 19:10). Menya ko bari bakuriye mu nyigisho n’ububasha bw’Abafarisayo, no mu mizo yaganzwa cane n’Abafarisayo. Ntibari bazi kw’ingo zashiriwe kwamaho. Kanatsinda, gushika iminota mikeya imbere y’aho, na bo barashobora kuba bizera yuk’umugabo ashobra kwiruka umugore wiwe ku nyanduruko y’inkintu cose. Bihutiye kuvuga ko vyoba vyiza batarongoye, hagushira ubugingo bwabo mu busambanyi.
Yesu arabishura,
Si bose bashobora kwemera iryo jambo, atar’ababihawe. Kuko har’inkone zavutse gurtyo uhereye mu nda za banyina, kandi har’inkone zakonwe n’abantu, kandi har’inkone zikona ubwazo kubw’ubwami bwo mw’ijuru. Uwushobora kuvyemera n’avyemere (Mat. 19:11-12).
Bisigura yuko, kumenya kwiyubara no kunesha ibigukwegera mu buhumbu ni vyo biranga ingesoo yawe. Paulo na we nyene yavuze ati, “Kwabirana ni kwiza kuruta gushuha” (1 Kor. 7:9). Abavutse ari nkone cank’abagizwe inkone n’abantu (nk’uko vyagirwa n’abantu bakeneye ababazigamira abagore cank’incoreke) kugirango ntibagire icifuzo co kurangura amabanga y’abubatse. Abikona ubwabo “babigira kubw’ubwami bwo mw’ijuru” ni bamwe bahawe n’Imana ingabire yo kwigumya, ari na co gituma “atari abantu bose bashobora kwakira iryo jambo, atari ababihawe gusa” (Mat. 19:11).
Ubutumwa bwo ku Musozi (The Sermon on the Mount)
Dutegerezwa kugumya mu bwenge abantu Yesu yarikw’arabwira igihe yagira iyo nsiguro yo ku musozi. Bari abantu babaye ubuzima bwabo bwose mu buryarya bw’Abafarisayo, abategetsi n’abigisha muri Isirayeli. Nkuko twavyize mu cigwa cacu ca mbere c’ubu butumwa bwo ku musozi, biragaragara ko vyinshi mu vyo Yesu yavuze ataho vyatandukanira n’amajambo yo gukosora inyigisho z’ibinyoma z’abanyabwenge b’ivyanditswe n’abafarisayo (raba Mat. 5:20), ari na bwo buryo bwo kubwira abanyabwenge b’anyabwenge b’ivyanditswe n’Abafarisayo ko bazoja i kuzimu. Ku mpera y’insiguro yiwe, abantu baratangaye, kuko Yesu atigisha nk’”abanyabwenge b’ivyanditswe” (raba Mat. 7:29).
Agitangura insiguro yiwe, Yesu yerekanye uburyarya bw’abiyita ko batigera basambana, ariko bifuza no kwirukana abagore babo bakihutira kurongora abandi. Yagura insobanuro y’ugusambana yerekana kw’ari gikorwa c’icaha ushobora kugira ku mubiri w’uwo mutubakanye. Ivyo yavuga vyaragaragara ku muntu w’imvuga kuri ashobora kwiyumvira gataya ku vy’avuze. Menya yuko gushika ku butumwa bwa Yesu, abantu besnhi biyumvira yuko vyemewe kwirukana umugore wawe kubw’inyanduruko y’”ikintu cose.” Yesu yashaka kw’abigishwa biwe n’abandi bose bamenya kw’intumbero y’Imana kuva kw’itanguriro ari kugura ingeso nziza.
Mwarumvise ko vyavuzwe ngo “Ntugasambane.” Ariko jeho ndababwira yuk’umuntu wese araba umugore akamwifuza, aba amaze gusambana na we mu mutima wiwe. Ijisho ryawe ry’i buryo ni ryagutsitaza, urinogore, urite kure: vyokubera vyiza gupfa ijisho ryawe rimwe, hak’umubiri wawe wose wotabwa muri Gehinomu. N’ukuboko kwawe kw’iburyo ni kwagutsitaza, uguce igikonjo, ugite gure: vyokubera vyiza gupfa urugingo rwawe rumwe, hak’umubiri wawe wose woja muri Gehinomu. Kandi vyaravuzwe, ‘ng’umuntu wese yirukana umugore wiwe n’amuhe icete co kuvavanura. Ariko jeho ndababwira yuk’umuntu wese yirukana umugore wiwe atamuhoye ubusambanyi, aba amusambanishije: kand’uwabira uwahukanye azoba asambanye (Mat. 5:27-32).
Ubwa mbere, uramenya kw’amajambo ya Yesu ku vyerekeye kwahukana no gusubira kurongora ntakurikira gusa ivyo yavuze k’ukwifuza, ahubwo arabigereranya, Yesu vyompi avyise ubusambanyi, abiha insiguro nini cane. Rero turabona intumbero yiwe nkuk’igenda isubirwamwo mu majambo yiwe yose. Yesu yagomba kw’abamukurikira batahura ico ari co kwitondera ibwirizwa ry’indwi. Bisigura kwirinda ibihumanya no kwahukana hamwe no gusubira kurongora.
Umuntu wese wo mubumviriza Yesu ico gihe yaramaze kwumva ibwirizwa ry’indwi risomwa mu masinagogi (nta muntu n’umwe yatunga Bibiliya), barumviriza ingene risobanurwa no kwitegereza ubuzima bw’abigisha babo, abanyabwenge b’ivyanditswe n’Abafarisayo. Yesu yongere kuvuga ati, “jeho ndababwi,” ntibisigura ko yarikw’ashira amabwirizwa mashasha. Yarikw’arahishura gusa intumbero y’Imana ya mbere.
Rero, kwifuza vyarabuzwa n’ibwirizwa rya cumi, umuntu wese aryibutse yaratahura yukw’ari caha kwifuza ivyo Imana irwanya.
Igikurikira, uhereye kubice vya mbere vy’Itanguriro, Imana yarasobanuye yuk’ubukwe butegerezwa kuramba gushika urupfu rubatandukanije. Ikirengeye vyose, umuntu wese avyiyumviriye ko yashobora guca abona yuko kwahuka no gusubira kurongorana ari nko gusambana, cane cane igihe hagize uwahukana kugira ngw’asubire kurongora.
Ubugira kandi mur’iyi nsiguro, biragaragara ko Yesu yarikw’afasha abantu kubona ukuri ku vyerekeye kwahukana kubw’inyanduruko y’ikintu cose no gusubira kurongora. Ntiyarikw’ashiraho icagezwe gishasha co gusubira kurongora kandi ata handi cari cemewe “mu bitabo.”
Biratangaje kubona kw’ata bantu na bakeya mw’ishengero bigera bitondera amabwirizwa ya Yesu yo kwinogora ijisho no guca ibikonjo nkuko vyanditswe nyene, kuko bishobora gutuma batifuza gusambana. Ariko abenshi bakagomba gusobanura inyuguti ku yindi amajambo Yesu yavuze kuvyerekeye icaha co gusubira kurongora, n’aho ivyo basobanura birwanya ivyo ivyanditswe bisigaye bivuga. Intumbero ya Yesu kwar’ukubwira ukuri abamwumviriza, hamwe n’ivyizigiro vyo kugabanya igitigiri c’abahukana. Abamukurikira bafashe nka nkama ivyo yavuze ku kwifuza, ukwahukana nta kibanza kwoba gufise, kandi nta wosubira kwahukana, abubatse bakabaho nkukw’Imana yari yarabiteguye kuva kera.
Ni Gute Umugabo Atuma Umugore Wiwe Asambana?
(How Does a Man Make His Wife Commit Adultery?)
Menya ko Yesu yavuze ati, “Umuntu wese yirukana umugore wiwe atamuhoye ubusambanyi, aba amusambanishije.” No ngaha turizera yukw’atarikw’atanga ibwirizw rishasha ryo gusubira kurongora, ahubwo yarikw’ahishura ukuri kwamye icaha c’umugabo yirukanye umugore wiwe ata mvo y’ukuri ihari. Ab’“amutumye gusambana.” Bamwe bavuga yuko Yesu yarikw’abuza kw’asubira kurongorwa, kuko biba bibaye ubusambanyi. Arikw’ivyo ntivyumvikana. Aha icaha giharurwa ku mugabo yirukanye umugore. Kubera ivyo akoze, muki we ntakindi yo gira atar’ukurongwa n’uwundi muntu, kandi nta caha aharurwako kuko yahowe ukwinda kw’umugabo wiwe. Mu nyonga z’Imana, kubera yuk’umugabo yirukanye umugore wiwe nta kindi gisigara atar’ukurongorwa, ni nko gufata ku nguvu umugore wiwe ngw’aryamane n’uwundi mugabo. Rero umwe yiyumvira kw’atasambanye aharurwa kw’ivyaha bibiri, iciwe n’ic’umugore wiwe.
Yesu ntiyari kuvuga yukw’Imana izoharura icaha c’ubusambanyi kur’uyu mugore, kuko koba ari akarenganyo, kandi kubuza uyo mugore gusubira kurongorwa nta nsiguro vyogira. Mbega Imana yovuga gute ko yasambanye igihe adasubiye kugorongorwa? Uko bimeze kwose nta nsiguro vyogira. Rero birumvikana igihe Imana iharuye icaha c’ubusambanyi ku mugabo kuko yirukanye umugore wiwe, n’”ubusambanyi” bw’umugore wiwe, n’aho atasambanye. Aremerewe gusubira kurongorwa.
None amajambo ya Yesu avuga yuko “uwabira umugore yahukanye azoba asambanye” twoyavuga gute”? har’ibintu bibiri gusa dushobora kuvuga. Yesu ategerezwa kuba yariko yerekana icaha c’umugabo yiyumvira yukw’atasambanye (nkuko yabivuze kur’umwe wambere), canke Yesu yarikw’avuga ku mugabo aja mu matwi umugore w’abandi ngo yahukane kugira umwirongorere kuguga yuk’umugabo wese kw’isi yarongoye umugore yahukanye azoba asambanye, rero umugabo wese mu b’isirayeli yarikuba yarasambanye namba yorarongoye umugore yahukanye kugira ngw’ivyagezwe vya Mose vyubahirizwe. Kanatsinda, umuntu wese mu bariko bumviriza Yesu ico gihe kand’amaze kurongora umugore yahukanye yari guca aharurwa kw’icaha kugira ngw’ivyagezwe vya Mose vyubahirizwe, buno nyene namba Yesu yar’ahinduye ivyagezwe vy’Imana. Ikindi ikirengeye vyose, muri kazoza umuntu wese arongoye umugore yahukanye kuko yizera amajambo ya Paulo mu cete yandikiye ab’i Korinto avuga kw’atari caha, yarikuba asambanye.
Impwemu ya Bibiliya inshoboza kunezerwa umuntu arongoye umugore yahukanye. Nimba yaguye mu mporero kuko umugabo wiwe aganjwe n’umutima wokwikunda, no mushima nk’uko nshima umugabo arongora umupfakazi, akamwitwararika. Nimba umugabo wiwe wa mbere yamubonye kw’igeteye isoni, nomunezererwa kuko yishushanije na Kristo mu kuraba ivyiza gusa biri kur’uwo mugore, akemere kugawa kuko yahariye kahise k’uyo mugore. Ni kuki umuntu yasomye Bibiliya kandi afise Mpwemu Yera aba muri we yovuga ko Yesu yarikw’abuza umuntu wese kurongora umugore yahukanye? Mbega ivyo bihuriye n’ubutungane bw’Imana, ubutungane budashobora kurenganura umuntu yarenganijwe, nk’umugore yirukanywe ata kosha yakoze? Ubona ivyo bisa n’ubutumwa bwiza, butunga ikogongwe kandi bugaha irindi bakwe abanyavyaha bihanye?
Incamake (In Summary)
Bibiliya ivuga yuko kwahukana bizana icaha ku muntu umwe canke bompi. Imana ntaho yigeze itegura kw’abantu bahukana, ariko kubw’imbabazi zayo yarashizeho umuti wo kwahukana igihe ibihumanya bibaye. Kandi ku bw’ubuntu bwayo ntirwanya abantu bahisemwo gousubira kurongora.
Iy’ataba amajambo ya Yesu ku vyerekeye gusubira kurongora, nta muntu n’umwe asoma Bibiliya yokwiyumviriye ko gusubira kurongora ari icaha (kiretse b’abantu babiri gusa umwe wo mw’isezerano rya kera n’umwe icagezwe kigoye ku bantu bahukana n’abasubira kurongora (nko kugerageza gutonora irigi ribisi), maze kigashira abantu mu kuzazanirwa gutuma abantu barenga ayandi mabwirizwa y’Imana. Ahubwo, yarikw’afasha abantu kubona uburyarya bwabo, ukwifuza kwabo n’umutima wabo ku vyerekeye kwahukana.
Nkuko Bibiliya yose ivyigisha, guharirwa ni ku banyavyaha bihanye hatarinze kurabwa ubunini bw’icaha bakoze, kandi baba bagifise ibakwe ryo kwatura igihe bongeye gucumura, n’ico kimwe n’abantu bahukanye. Nta caha mw’Isezerano Rishasha, kiretse uwahukanye bompi ar’abakristo, gishobora gukorwa igihe abizera batagendera mu bihumanya ni ho rero ata gituma na kimwe co kwahukana cobaho. Igihe bishitse bakahukana, bompi babe ibisubiramuhira canke basubirane.
[1]
Fata nk’umwungere yahukanye agaca acibwa mu mubiri wa Kristo kuko yasubiye kurongora. Agaca avuga ati, “Vyari kumbera vyiza kwica umugore wanje hako ndamwirukana. Iyo ndamwica nari kwihana, nka harirwa, nkaca ndongora biciye mu mategeko, nkibandaniriza igikorwa.”