Kubera yuko kw’abakenyezi bagize igitiri kinini c’ishengero ry’Umwami Yesu Kristo, birakenewe gutahura igikorwa Imana yabahaye mu mubiri wa Kristo. Mu mashengero n’amabango menshi, abakenyezi barubahwa nk’abakozi b’igiciro, kanatsinda ni bo benshi muri buri gikorwa c’Imana.
Ariko ntibimeze gurtyo mu nzego zose. Har’amabango yo kuvuga no kurongora usanga kenshi abakenyezi bakumirwamwo. Amashengero amwe-amwe aramera abungere b’abakenyezi; ayandi ntabemera. Bamwe bemerera abagore kwigisha abandi bakabankira. Abandi barabuza abakenyezi kuvuga na gato mu makoraniro yabo.
Iryo tandukaniro riva ku nsobanuro bahaye amajambo Paulo yavuze ku gikorwa c’abakenyezi nk’uko tubisanga muri 1Kor. 14:34-35 na 1Tim. 2:11-3:7. Ibi vyanditswe ni vyo twisunga mu cigwa cacu, cane cane ku mpera z’iki gice.
Uhereye Kera (From the Beginning)
Ko dutanguye, reka turabe ico ivyanditswe bivuga ku mukenyezi uhereye kera. Abagore, co kimwe n’abagabo, baremwe mw’ishusho ry’Imana:
Nukw’Imana irema umuntu mw’ishusho yayo, mw’ishusho y’Imana ni ho yamuremeye; irema abantu bar’uburyo bubiri (Ita. 1:27).
Turazi, kw’Imana yaremye Adamu imbere yukw’irema Eva, kandi birafise insiguro niniya mu mpwemu nk’uko Paulo abivuga (raba 1Tim. 2:3). Turihweza insiguro yo mu mpwemu iri mur’urwo rutonde rw’irema nk’uko Paulo abisobanura, ariko ntibisigura yuk’umugabo ari we asumba umugore. Turazi kw’Imana yaremye ibikoko imbere yo kurema umuntu (raba Ita. 1:24-28), ariko nta wovuga kw’ibikoko biruta abantu.
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Umugore yaremewe kuba umufasha w’umugabo (raba Ita. 2:18). N’ibi ntivyerekana kw’ari we mutoya, ariko vyerekana igikorwa ciwe mu rugo. Mpwemu Yera twamuhawe nk’umufasha, ariko ntidushobora kuvuga yukw’ari we mutoya kuri twebwe. Ahubwo, Mpwemu Yera ni we mukuru kuri twebwe! Kandi turashobora kuvuga yukw’Imana yaremye umugore abe umufasha w’umugabo kukow’Imana yabonye kw’abagabo bakenye gufashwa! Ni Imana ubwayo yavuze kw’atari vyiza k’umugabo yibana (raba Ita. 2:18). Ukwo kuri kwaremejwe ibihetangabo vyinshi muri kahise cane cane igihe umugabo asizwe ata mugore afise wo kumufasha.
Rero, turabona no ku ntago y’igitabo c’Itanguriro k’umugore wa mbere yakuwe mu rubavu rw’umugabo wa mbere. Yakuwe muri we, vyerekana yukw’iyo atagira umugore aba abura ikintu kinini kandi ko bompi ari umubiri umwe. Vyongeye, abo Imana yatandukanye yateguye ko basubizwa hamwe biciye mu mubano w’umugore n’umugabo, ntibisigura kurondoka, hamwe kwerekana urukundo no kuryoherana arivyo vyerekana k’umwe wese akeneye uwundi.
Ibi vyigwa vyose tubona mw’Itanguriro bihushanya n’ivyiyumviro vyo gushira igitsina kimwe hejuru y’ikindi, canke ko hagira uwuganza uwundi. Kandi kubera yukw’Imana yashizeho ibikorwa vy’abakenyezi mu ngo canke mu gikorwa c’Imana ntidushobora kuvuga yukw’Imana yagize umwe mukuru uwundi mutoya. Muri Kristo, “nta mugore nta mugabo” (Gal. 3:28).
Igikorwa c’Abakenyezi mw’Isezerano rya Kera
(Women in Ministry in the Old Testament)
Duhereye ku rufatiro rumaze gushirwaho, reka turabe bamwe mu bakenyezi Imana yakoresheje ngo bashitse ubugombe bwayo mw’Isezerano rya Kera. Biragaragara, kw’Imana yatanguye guhamagara abagabo mu gikorwa c’Imana nkuko biri mw’Isezerano rya Kera, mbere no Mwisezerano Rishasha. Inkuru z’abagabo nka Mose, Aroni, Yosuwa, Yosefu, Samweli na Dawidi nizo zuzuye mw’Isezerano rya Kera.
Abakenyezi benshi, hamwe n’ivyo, ni ikimenyetso c’ubushobozi bw’Imana mu guhamagara no gukoresha uwo ishaka wese, kand’abakenyezi bambitswe ubushobozi n’Imana barashoboye igikorwa cose ibahamagara gukora.
Tutaratangura kuraba umugore n’umwe mu buryo bwihariye, reka mvuge yuk’umukozi wese w’Imana yar’akomeye mw’Isezerano rya Kera yavyawe kandi arerwa n’umukenyezi. Mose ntiyari kubaho iyo hatabaho umugore yitwa Yokebedi (raba Kuv. 6:20). Kandi nta mukozi n’umwe w’Imana akomeye yari kubaho iyo hatagira abakenyezi babibaruka. Abakenye barahawe igikorwa gikomeye kandi kibereye gushimwa no mu gukuza abana mu Mwami (raba 2Tim. 1:5)
Yokebedi ntiyari nyina w’abakozi b’Imana babiri gusa, Musa na Aroni, mushikiwabo nawe yar’umuvugishwa n’umurongozi w’indirimbo yitwa Miriyamu (raba Kuvayo 15:20). Muri Mika 6:4, Imana yise Miriyamu hamwe na Mose na Aroni kw’ar’abarongozi bashizwe imbere y’ab’isirayeli:
Ko nabaduganye nkabakura mu gihugu ca Egiputa, ndabacungura nkabakura mu nzu y’ubuja, nkarungika Mose na Aroni na Miriyamu ngo babarongore (hongeweko insobanuro).
Kandi, igikorwa c’uburongozi Miriyamu yarafise nti cangana n’ica Mose. Ariko nk’umuvugishwa, kandi ndizera kw’ari vyiza kuvuga yukw’iganuke ry’Imana ryacu muri we nkuko rica mu bagabo muri Isirayeli.
Umucamanza w’Umugore muri Isirayeli (A Female Judge Over Israel)
Uwundi mugore Imana yahagurukije nk’umurongozi mub’Isirayeki yitwa Debora, yabayeho mu gihe c’abacamanza bab’Isirayeli. Nawe nyene, yar’umuvugishwa n’Imana, kandi yitwa umucamanza nka Gidiyoni, Yefuta na Samusoni mu bihe vyabo. Tumenyeshwa kw’”abisirayeki baja kuri we abacire imanza” (abacam. 4:5). Rero yarafatira ingingo n’abagabo, atawuvuga ngo ni umugore. Ntakosha ryarimwo igihe: Umugore abwira abagabo ivyo bakora, kandi Imana ikamuha amavuta amubashisha kubikora.
Nk’abandi bagore bose Imana ihamagara mu gikorwa c’uburongozi, Debora yarigeze guhura n’ikibazo c’umugabo yanse kwakira ijambo ry’Imana riciye mu mugore. Uyo mugabo yitwa Baraki, kandi kubera yuko yakekeranya ukuvugishwa kwa Debora kumwereka ingene aja kurwana n’umugabisha w’abanyakanani yitwa Sisera, yamubwiye kw’icubahiro c’uwishe Sisera kizohabwa umukenyezi. Yari mu kuri, umugore yitwa Yayeli aracibukwa mu vyanditswe nk’umugore yicishije Sisera urumambo rw’ihema n’inyundo (raba Abac. 4). Inkuru irangira Baraki iririmbana na Debora! Amajambo amwe amwe baririmba yashimagiza Debora na Yayeli (raba Abac. 5), kumbure Baraka yaciye yemera “umukenyezi mu gikorwa c’Imana” inyuma y’ivyo vyose.
Umugore wa Gatatu Yavugishwa n’Imana (A Third Prophetess)
Umukenyezi wa gatatu avugwa mw’Isezerano rya Kera nk’umuvugishwa yemewe yitwa Hulida. Imana yaramukoresheje mu guha ubuhanuzi n’uburongozi umugabo, umwami w’i Buyuda, Yosiya (raba 2Abam. 22). Kandi turabona akarorero k’umukenyezi yakoreshejwe n’Imana mu kwigisha umuntu w’umugabo. Kenshi cane, Hulida yakoreshwa n’Imana mur’ico gikorwa kenshi, ahandi ho umwami Yosiya ntiyari kwizera ivyo amubwiye ngo abigendere.
None ni kuko Imana yahamagaye Miriyamu, Debora na Hulida nk’abavugishwa? Ntiyari guhamagara abagabo mu gishingo c’abo bagore?
Nta nkeka yari gushobora guhamagara abagabo bakora ico gikorwa abo bakenyezi bakoze. Ariko si ko yabigize. Kandi ntawuzi igituma. Ico twokora ni kwirinda gushira Imana mu kigopo tuvuga yukw’idashobora gukoresha canke guhamagara abagore mu girkorwa c’Imana. N’ah’Imana yahamagaye abagabo mu gikoraw c’uburongozi mw’Isezerano rya Kera, har’igihe yahitamw’abagore.
Rero, menya yuk’abo bagore batatu bo mw’Isezerano rya Kera twafatiyeko uturorero bar’abavugishwa n’Imana. Har’ibindi bikorwa vy’Isezerano rya Kera tutabona mw’abagore. Akarorero, nta mugore yahamagarirwa kuba umuherezi. Bisigura yuko har’amabango Imana yaha abagabo gusa.
Abagore mu Gikorwa Nk’uko Biri mw’Isezerano rya Kera
(Women in Ministry in the New Testament)
Turabona umugore yavugishwa n’Imana mw’Isezerano Rishasha. Igihe Yesu yar’amaze imisi mikeya gusa avutse, Ana yaramumenye arangurura ijwi avuga yukw’ari we Mesiya:
Kandi hariho Ana, uwavugishwa n’Imana, umukobwa wa Fanuweli, wo mu muryango wa Asheri, yar’umutamakazi wa kera, yabanye n’umugabo wiwe imyaka ndwi, uhereye ku kurongorwa kwiwe, kandi yamaze imyaka mirongumunani n’ine ar’umupfakazi, ntiyava mu rusengero gusenga, yisonzesha yinginga, ku murango no mw’ijoro. Ako kanya aca araza, ashima Imana, avuga ivya Yesu, abibwira abari barorereye ugucungurwa kwa Yerusalemu bose (Luka 2:36-38, hongeweko insobanuro).
Menya ko Ana yabwiye ivya Yesu abantu bose “bari barorereye ugucungurwa kwa Yerusalemu.” Harimwo n’abagabo. Rero turashobora kuvuga ko Ana yariko yigisha abagabo ivyerekeye Kristo.
Har’abandi bakenyezi Imana yakoresheje mu ngabire yo kuvugishwa n’Imana. Mariya nyina wa Yesu ari mur’uyo murwi (raba Luka 1:46-55). Igihe cose amajambo y’ubuvugishwa bwa Mariya asomwe mw’ishengero, bisigura yukw’ari umugore arikoyigisha ishengero. (Kandi Imana yubashe abakenyezi mu kurungika Umwana wayo mw’isi acishirije mu mugore, kandi yarigushobora kubigira mu bundi buryo bwinshi.)
Ico gitigiri kirabandanya kukw’Imana yavugiye muri Yoweli yukw’isuse Mpwemu wayo, ku bahungu n’abakobwa bab’Isirayeli kandi bazovugishwa (raba Yoweli 2:28). Petero yaramenyesheje yuk’ubuvugishwa bwa Yoweli bwega igihe c’isezerano rishasha (raba Ivyak. 2:17).
Turabwirwa mu vyakozwe n’intumwa 21:8-9 yuko Filipo umuvugishwa n’Imana yar’afise abakobwa bane bavugishwa n’Imana.
Paulo yaravuze ku bakenyezi bavugishwa n’Imana mu makoraniro (raba 1Kor. 11:5). N’abagobo bari ngaho.
Ivyo vyanditswe vyose bitwereka abakenyezi Imana yakoresheje nk’abavugishwa canke mu gutanga ubuhanuzi, ntidukwiriye kubohwa n’iciyumviro c’ukw’Imana ishobora gukoresha abakenyezi mur’ivyo bikorwa gusa! Ikirengeye vyose, nta kintu na kimwe cotubuza kwemera kw’abakenyezi bashobora kwigisha abagabo igihe Imana igomba guca muri bo.
Abakenyezi nk’Abungere? (Women as Pastors?)
Har’ingorane abakenyezi bakoze igikorwa c’ubwungere? Biragaragara kw’igikorwa c’umwungere/umukuru w’ishengero/umuzezwashengero Imana yagiteguriye abagabo:
Iri jambo n’iryo kwizigirwa: umuntu ni yagomba kuzezwa ishengero, aba yifuje igikorwa ciza. N’uk’umuzezwashengero akwiye kutabak’umugayo, kandi akwiye kuba umugabo afise umugore umwe (1 Tim. 3:1-2, dushimikira ku nsobanuro).
Icatumye ngusiga i Kirete kwar’ukugira ng’utanganye ivyasigaye, kandi mu gisagara caho cose ng’ushinge abakuru b’ishengero, nkuko nakubariye: ar’umuntu atabonekak’umugayo, afise umugore umwe gusa (Tit. 1:5-6, dushimikira ku nsobanuro).
Nta hantu na hamwe Paulo avuga kw’abakenyezi badashobora gukora iki gikorwa, natwe dutegerezwa kwirinda igihe tuvuga amajambo tutazi neza. Ndamaze kubona abakozi benshi kandi beza b’abakenyezi bakora igikorwa c’abungere/abakuru b’ishengero/abazezwashengero mw’isi hose, cane cane mu bihugu biriko biratera imbere, ariko n’aho nyene baracari bakeya. Kumbure Imana ibahamagarira gukora ico gikorwa igihe igomba gushitsa intumbero yayo kanaka cank’ibonye kw’ata bagabo bakwiriye ico gikorwa c’uburongozi. Birashoboka kandi yuko benshi mu bungere b’abakenyezi bari mu mubiri wa Kristo bafise iyindi mihamagaro Bibiliya yerekana kw’ishobora gukorwa n’abakenyezi, nk’ibango ryo kuvugishwa, arikw’amashengero amwe amwe ni yo abemerera gukora nk’abungere.
Ni kuki igikorwa c’ubwungere/ubukuru bw’ishengero/ubuzezwashengero giharirwa abagabo gusa? Gutahura ingene iryo bango rikora birashobora kudufasha cane. Kimwe mu bisabwa umwungere/umukuru w’ishengero/umuzezwashengero mu vyanditswe ni,
Ategerezwa kuba aganza neza abo mu rugo rwiwe, abana biwe bamwumvira, yanka umugayo wose. “(Uwutazi kuganza abo mu rugo rwiwe yoshobora ate kuzigama ishengero ry’Imana?”) (1 Tim. 3:4-5).
Iri tegeko rirumvikana cane igihe twibutse yuk’umurongozi wo mw’Isezerano Rishasha azezwa ishengero ritoya ryo mu nzu. Igikorwa ciwe cari kimeze nk’umuvyeyi yitwararika umuryango. Iki gituma dutahura igituma ibango ry’umwungere rikorwa n’abagabo—kuko bias cane n’ubuzima bwo mu muryango, kukw’arikw’Imana yabiteguye, gitegerezwa guhagarikirwa n’umugabo, s’umugore. Ibindi tuzobishikako hanyuma.
Abagore nk’Intumwa (Women as Apostles?)
Twamaze kwerekana yuk’umugore ashobora gukora mw’ibango ryo kuvugishwa n’Imana (igihe abihawe n’Imana). Mbega ntibashobora gukora ibindi bikorwa? Har’umuco dusanga mu ntasho za Paulo igihe yandikira Abaroma igice ca 16 aho ashimagiza abakenyezi batari bake bari mu gikorwa c’ubwami bw’Imana. Hari n’uwo yise intumwa. Mu mirongo itatu ikurikira, nanditse amazina y’abagore mu ndome zihangamye:
Mbashimiye Foyibe mwene Data, ni we mukozi w’ishengero ry’i kenkiriya, ngo mumwakire kubw’umwami wacu, nk’uko bibereye abera, kandi mumufashe kuc’azogomba cose, kuko nawe yafashije benshi, barimwo jewe. (Rom. 16:1-2, hongeweko inzobanuro).
Ukuri kuremejwe! Ntituzi neza igikorwa Foyibe yakora, ariko Paulo amwise “umukozi w’ishengero ry’i kenkireya” kandi ko “yafashije benshi,” nawe arimwo. Ico yakorera Umwami cose, gitegerezwa kuba cari igikomeye gushika aho Paulo amumenyekanisha mw’ishengero ry’i Roma ryose.
Uwukurikira ni Purisikila (Purisika), hamwe n’umugabo wiwe, Akwila, baribafise igikorwa gikomeye gushika ah’amashengero yose y’abanyamahanga abubaha:
Muntahirize Purisikila na Akwila abakoranye nanje muri Kristo Yesu, kandi bahevye iyabo mitwe ko yocibwa kugira ngo bakize amagara yanje. Si jewe jenyene mbashima, ariko n’amashengero yose yo mu banyamahanga arabashima. Kandi muntahirize ishengero ryo mu nzu yabo. Munthirize Epayineto, uwo nkunda, ni we yashurije abo muri Asiya babaye abakristo. Muntahirize Mariya yakoreye mwebwe cane. Muntahirize andironiko na Yuniya, dusangiye umuryango, ababohanywe nanje, ni ba rurangiranwa mu ntumwa, ni bo bantanze kuba muri Kristo (Rom. 16:3-7, dushimikiye ku nsobanuro).
Kuvyerekeye Yuniya, turashobora kwiyumvira yuk’umuntu “rurangiranwa mu ntumwa” ategerezwa kuba intumwa. Nimba insobanuro y’ukuri ari Yuniya, ni umugore. Purisikila na Mariya bar’abakozi b’Umwami.
Muntahirize Ampuliyato, uwo nkunda mu mwami wacu, muntahirize Urubano, akorana natwe muri Kristo, na Sitaku, uwo nkunda. Muntahirize Apele yagejejwe akarama muri Kristo. Muntahirize abo mmu bo kwa Arisitoburo. Muntahirize Herodiyoni dusangiye umuryango, muntahirize abo mu bo kwa Narukiso, abari mu Mwami wacu. Muntahirize Tirufaniya na Tirufoza, bakorera mu Mwami wacu. Muntahirize Perusi akundwa, yakoreye mu Mwami cane. Muntahirize Rufo, yatoranijwe n’Umwami, na nyina ni nka mama. Muntahirize Asunkirito, na Fulegoni, na Herume, na Patiroba, na bene Data bari kumwe nabo. Muntahirize Filologo na Yuliya, na Nereyu na mushiki we, na Olumpa n’abera bose bari kumwe na bo (Rom. 16:8-15, dushimikiye ku nsobanuro).
Biragaragara kw’abakenyezi bashobora kuba “abakozi” mu gikorwa c’Imana.
Abagore nk’Abigisha? (Women as Teachers?)
Abagore barashobora kwigisha? Isezerano Rishasha ntaco ribivugako. Kanatsinda, Bibiliya ntitwereka umugabo yahamagariwe kwigisha. Purisikila (umwe twasoma kandi azwi kw’izina rya Purisika), muka Akwila, yarigisha n’imiburiburi mu rwego rutoya. Akarorero, igihe we na Akwila bumva Apolo yigisha ubutumwa budakwiye muri Efeso, “bamujana i wabo, barushiriza kumutahuza inzira y’Imana” (Ivyak. 18:26). Nta n’umwe yoharira yuko Purisikila atafashije umugabo wiwe mu kwigisha Apolo, umugabo. Vyongeye, mu vyanditswe Paulo avuga icuro zibiri kuri Purisikila na Akwila igihe yandika ku “mashengero ari mu nzu yabo” (raba Rom. 16:3-5; 1Kor. 16:19), kandi bompi “barakoranye nawe muri Kristo” mu Baroma 16:3. Ntituzi neza ko Purisikila yar’afise igikorwa kibangikanije n’ic’umugabo wiwe.
Aho Yesu Ategeka Abagore Kwigisha Abagabo
(When Jesus Commanded Women to Teach Men)
Imbere yo kuvuga amajambo ya Paulo ategeka abagore gucereza mu makoraniro no kubuza abagore kwigisha abagabo, reka turabe ikindi canditswe kimwe gituma dutahura neza ivyo bintu.
Igihe Yesu yazuka, umumarayika yarungitse n’imiburiburi abagore batatu kubwiriza abigishwa ba Kristo n’aho bar’abagabo. Abo bagore barungiswe kubwira intumwa yuko Kristo yazutse kandi kw’azobabonekera i Galilaya. Ariko ntibigarukira ngaho. Haheze igihe gito, Yesu ubwiwe agaragarira ba bagore maze abategeka kuja kumenyesha abigishwa ko baja i Galilaya (raba Mat. 28:1-10; Mariko 16:1-7).
Nibaza kw’ari ngirakamaro cane kubona Yesu abanza kwiyereka abagore agaherukira ku bagabo. Ubwa kabiri, iyo haba ikintu kibi kiri igihe abagore bigisha abagabo, umuntu arashobora kubona yuko Yesu atari kwigera atuma abo bagore kuja kumenyesha abagabo izuka ryiwe, ikintu ngirakamaro nk’ico, kandi yarigushobora kwitangira ubwo butumwa ubwiwe nyene (kandi mu nyuma yarabigize). Nta muntu aharira ko: Umwami Yesu yategetse abagore kwigisha ukuri ngenderwako no guha abagabo impanuro kanaka mu mpwemu.
Imirongo Itera Ingorane (The Problem Passages)
Kodutahura ico Bibiliya ivuga ku bikorwa abagore bashobora gukora, turashobora gusobanura “imirongo itera ingorane” dusanga mu nyandiko za Paulo. Reka twihweze amajambo yiwe avuga kw’abagore bacereza mu makoraniro:
Abagore bacereze mw’ishengero, kuko batemererwa kuvuga. Ariko baganzwe, nk’ukw’ivyagezwe na vyo bibivuga. Kandi nihagira ico bagomba kwiga, barbarize abagabo babo i muhira, kuko biteye isoni k’umugore avuga mw’ishengero (1 Kor. 14:34-35).
Mbega aya majambo ni yo nyigisho Paulo ahaye ab’i Korinto canke ni inyishu yatanze akurikije ivyo bamwandikiye bamubaza (raba 1Kor. 7:1, 25; 8:1; 12:1; 16:1, 12).
Vyongeye, ku karongo gakurikira, Paulo yandika ivyo tokwita inyishu ya Paulo ku ngeso y’ab’i korinto yo gucecekesha abagore mw’ishengero:
Mbega kuri mwebwe ni ho ijambo ry’Imana ryandurutse? Canke ryashitse kuri mwebwe gusa? (1 Kor. 14:36).
Bibiliya y’icongereza yitwa The King James Version isobanura uyu murongo gushika aho yerekana ingene Paulo atangazwa n’ingeso y’ab’i Korinto:
Ni gute? Mbega ijambo ry’Imana ryavuye kuri mwebwe? Canke ryaje gusa kuri mwebwe? (1 Kor. 14:36).
Uko bimeze kwose, Paulo yarikw’abaza ibibazo bibiri. Inyishu ya vyose ni Oya. Ab’i Korinto sibo bazanye ijambo ry’Imana, kandi ijambo ry’Imana ntiryahawe bo gusa. Ibibazo vya Paulo bisa n’uko yarikw’arabankamira kubera ubwibone bwabo. Nimba ivyo ari vyo yarikw’aravuga kur’iyo mirongo ibiri itangura, azoba yarikw’avuga ati, “Mwiyumvira ko mur’iki? Mwatanguye ryari kubwira Imana abo icishirizamw’ijambo ryayo? Imana irashobora gukoresha abagore igihe ivyishakiye, kandi mur’ipfu kubona mubacecekesha.”
Iyi nsobanuro iratahurika igihe twibutse yuko Paulo amaze kuvuga, mur’iki cete nyene, uburyo bwiza bwo kwifata igihe abakenyezi bavugishwa mu mashengero (raba 1Kor. 11:5), uko s’ugucereza. Ikirengeye vyose, ku mirongo mikeya gusa ikurikira iyo turiko tuvugako ni ho Paulo ahanura ab’i Korinto bose,
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n’abagore barimwo ati, “mwifuze cane kuvugishwa n’Imana” (1 Kor. 14:39). Inyigisho ziwe zari kuba zirwanya ybwazo iyo aba arikw’ashiraho icagezwe co gucekesha abagore mu makoraniro muri 14:34-35.
Izindi Nzira (Other Possibilities)
Reka dufate yukw’amajambo ari muri 1 Ab’I Korinto 14:34-35 ar’amajambo ya Paulo, kandi kw’ariko abwira abakenyeze guceceka mw’ishengero. Twobisobanura gute none?
Ubugira kandi, dutegerezwa kwibaza igituma Paulo yoha abagore icagezwe co guceceka mw’ishengero kandi yavuze mur’ico cete nyene yuko bashobora gusenga no kuvugishwa mw’ishengero, iy’abantu bakoranye.
Ikirengeye vyose, Paulo yar’azi uturorero twa Bibiliya ah’Imana ikoresha abakenyezi mu bikorwa bigaragara, mbere no gukorera abagabo. Ni kuki yocecekesha abo Imana yasize amavuta yokuvuga?
Ubwenge busanzwe butwereka ko Paulo atarikw’abwira abagore gucereza mw’ishengero. Menya neza kw’ishengero rya mbere rya koranira mu ma zu no gusangira. Wiyumvira yukw’abagore ataco bavuga kuva binjiye gushika basohotse? Ntibavuga bariko baragabura indya canke basangira n’abandi? Nta nico bavugisha abana babo gushika batashe? Ico ciyumviro nticumvikana.
Kukw’aho “babiri canke batatu bazoba bakoraniye” mw’izina rya Yesu, nawe azoba ari hagati muri bo (raba Mat. 18:20), iryo ni koraniro, igihe babiri canke batatu, igihe abagore babiri bakoranye mw’izina rya Yesu, ntibashobora kuvugana?
Oya, namba 1 ab’i Korinto 14:34-35 ari inyigisho ya Paulo koko, azoba yarikw’ashir urutonde mw’ishengero. Har’abagore batubahiriza urutonde mu kubaza ibibazo. Paulo ntiyarikw’avuga kw’abagore boguma bacecetse mw’ikoraniro ryose, nkuko yahaye impanuro abavugishwa mu mirongo yitangira iyo turiko twigako, ntiyashoka ko baceceka kuva kun tango gushika kw’iherezo:
Arik’uwundi [muvugishwa] yicaye ni yagira ico ahishurirwa, uwabanje ahore (1 Kor. 14:30, dushiimikiye ku nsobanuro).
Arikw’aha, amajambo “guceceka”asobanura “kwigumya ntuvuge mu kiringo runaka.”
Paulo yabwira abavuga mu ndimi guceceka igihe mw’ikoraniro har’uwusobanura:
Ariko niha hatarih’uwubisobanura, uwuvuga urutamenyeka acereze mw’ishengero , yibwire, kand’abwire Imana (1 Kor. 14:28, hongeweko insobanuro).
Mbega Paulo yarikw’abwira abo bantu baceceke burundu mw’ikoraniro ryose? Oya, yarikw’ababwira gusa ko boreka kuvuga mu zindi ndimi igihe batagira uwuzisobanura. Menya ko Paulo yababwiye “guceceka mw’ishengero”, ijambo yabwiye abagore muri 1Kor. 14:34-35. Ni kuki dusobanura amajambo Paulo yabwiye abagore yukw’”ari uguceceka mu makoraniro yose,” tugaca dusobanura ayo yabwiye abavuga izindi ndimi batagira uwuzisobanura yuko “bigumya akanya gatoya mw’ikoraniro”?
Mu kurangiza, menya kw’amajambo ya Paulo atabwirwa abagore bose. Ayo majambo abwirwa abagore bubatse gusa kuko “babwirwa kubaza abagabo babo i muhira” iyo bafise ico babaza.
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Kumbure ikibazo nyamukuru yar’abagore bubatse babaza ibibazo ku bandi bagabo kandi abagabo babo baringaho. Iyo ngeso iboneka kw’itabereye kandi ishobora kuvamwo kubura indero no kutumvira abagabo babo ku rugero runaka. Namba ico arico car’ikibazo Paulo yarikw’aravuga, birashoboka kuba igituma ashimikira k’uguca bugufi kw’abagore no kwubaha (abagabo babo), nkukw’ivyegezwe bibivuga ahantu hensi uhereye kw’itanguriro (raba 1 Kor. 14:34).
Muri make, namba Paulo yarikw’aratanga itegeko ry’ukw’abagore bacereza muri 1 Ab’I Korinto 14:34-35, abwira abagore bubatse gusa kugira boye kubaza ibibazo mu mwana utabereye canke mu buryo busuzugurisha abagabo babo. Ahandi ho, barashobora kuvugishwa, gusenga no kuvuga.
Uwundi Murongo w’Ingorane (The Other Problem Passage)
Turashikiriye uwundi “murongo utera ingorane,” dusanga mu cete ca mbere Paulo yandikiye Timoteyo:
Umugore yige atekereje agamburuka rwose. Ariko sinkundira umugore ko yigisha canke kw’aganza umugabo, arikw’atekereze. Kuko Adamu ari we yabanje kuremwa, hanyuma Eva. Kandi Adamu siwe yahenzwe, arik’umugore ni we yahenzwe, agwa mu bicumuro (1 Tim. 2:11-14).
Nta nkeka Paulo yar’azi kuvyereke Miriyamu, Debora, Hulida na Ana, abavugishwa bane Imana yavugishije ku nyungu y’abagabo n’abagore, babigisha neza ubugombe bw’Imana. Kandi yaramenye ko Debora, umucamanza mu b’Isirayeli, yar’afise ububasha runaka ku bagabo n’abagore. Kandi yaramenye kw’Imana yasutse Mpwemu weyo ku musi wa Pentekote, mu gushitsa ubuhanuzi bwa Yoweli ku bihe vy’iherezo ah’Imana yasutse Mpwemu wiwe kubari n’umubiri bose kugira abahungu n’abakobwa bavugishwe no gutanga amajambo y’Imana. Kandi yar’azi ko Yesu yategetse abagore runaka kujana ubutumwa biwe ku ntumwa tuzi ko bar’abagabo. N’ukuri yarazi n’amajambo yerekeye ukwemerwa, yandikiye ishengero ry’ab’i Korinto, kw’abagore basenga no kuvugishwa igihe ishengero rikoranye. Kandi yar’azi ko yabwiye ab’i Korinto yuko umuntu wese ashobora kuronka ijambo ryo gusangira n’abandi nkukw’arihawe na Mpwemu Yera (raba 1Kor. 14:26). Igihe yandikira Timoteyo aya majambo yashaka kuvuga iki?
Menya ko Paulo akoresheje amajambo abiri yo mw’Itanguriro nk’urufatiro rw’inyigisho yiwe: (1) Adamu ni we yatanguye kuremwa maze (2) Eva arakurikira kandi Adamu si we yahanzwe, ingene icaha cinjiye mu bantu. Ukwo kuri kwa mbere gushiraho ugutahura kwiza imigenderanire iri hagati y’umugore n’umugabo. Nkuko urutonde rw’irema rubitwereka, umugabo ni we mutwe, ivyo Paulo aravyigisha n’ahandi mu vyete vyiwe (raba 1Kor. 11:3; Ef. 5:23-24).
Ukuri kwa kabiri Paulo yerekana ntikuvuga yukw’abagore ari bo bagwa mu caha cane gusumba abagabo, kuko si vyo. N’ukuri, kubera yuko har’abagore benshi mu mubiri wa Kristo kuruta abagabo, turashobora guharira tuvuga yukw’abagabo ari bo bashobora kugwa mu caha cane kuruta abagore. Ahubwo, ukwo kuri kwa kabiri kwerekana kw’igihe urutonde Imana yashize mu muryango rutubahirijwe Satani arashobora kuronka ah’aca. Ingora z’abana b’abantu zatanguriye muri Edeni igihe urutundo rw’imigenderanire hagati y’umugabo n’umugore itubahirijwe—Muka Adamu ntiyumviye umugabo wiwe. Adamu ategerezwa kuba yarabwiye mukiwe ku vyerekeye icamwa kizira (raba Ita. 2:16-17; 3:2-3). Ariko we, ntiyarushe yumvira iyo nyigisho. Mu nzira imwe, yaraganje umugabo wiwe igihe yamuha kurya ku camwa kizira (raba Ita. 3:6). Adamu si we yayoboye Eva ngaha; Eva ni we yayoboye Adamu. Ingaruka yar’agahomerabunwa.
Ishengero— Ikigereranyo C’Urugo (The Church—A Model of the Family)
Urutonde Imana yashize mu rugo ruhishurwa n’urwo yashize mw’ishengero. Nk’uko maze kubivuga, ni ngirakamaro cane kumenya yuko mu myaka amajanatatu ya mbere ya kahise k’ishengero, amashengero yari matomato. Bakoranira mu mazu. Umwungere/umukuru w’ishengero/Umuzezwashengero bagereranywa na Se rugo. Uru rutonde rw’ishengero Imana yashizeho rusa n’urwoyashize mu rugo, kanatsinda war’umuryango wo mu mpwemu, umugore abaye umutwe vyaba akarorero kabi mu miryango y’abasengera ngaho cank’abari hanzi y’iryo shengero. Iyumvire umugore abaye umwungere/umukuru w’ishengero/umuzezwashengero akaguma yigisha mu nzu, umugabo wiwe yicaye ngeho mu guca bugufi, amwumviriza uko yigisha kandi aganzwa nawe. Vyarikuba nk’ukurwanya urutonde rw’Imana mu muryango, kandi icetegerezo cari kibaye kibi.
Iyi ni yo nsobanuro y’amajambo ya Paulo yavuga. Menya yuko tuyasanga hafi y’ibisabwa umuntu ashaka kuba umuzezwashengero (raba 1Tim. 3:1-7), kimwe n’uko uwo muntu ategerezwa kuba umugabo. Ni vyiza ko tumenya kandi kw’abazezwashengero bategerezwa kwama bigisha ishengero (raba 1Tim. 5:17). Amajambo ya Paulo ko abagore bigishwa mu guca bugufi no kutemererwa kwigisha canke kuganza abagabo asa n’urutundo ruteregerezwa kuba mw’ishengero. Ni co kibi yerekana c’uko umugore, mu buryo bumwe cank’ubundi aba umukuru w’ishengero/umwungere/umuzezwashengero.
Ntibisigura yuk’umugore/umukenyezi adashobora ico gikorwa, igihe yubaha umugabo wiwe, arashobora gusenga, kuvugishwa, kuronka inyigisho yo gusangira n’umubiri wose, canke kwigisha igihe ishengero rikoranye. Ibi vyose arashobora kubikora mw’ishengero adasenyuye urutonde rw’Imana, nkukw’ashobora kubikora mu rugo adasenyuye urutonde Imana yashizeho. Ico yabujijwe kugira mw’ishengero cank’ivyo yabujijwe kugira mu rugo—ni kuganza umugabo wiwe.
Kandi turabona mu mirongo yakurikiye kw’abagore bashobora gukora mu gikorwa c’ubudiyokoni nk’abagabo (raba 1Tim. 3:12). Gukora mw’ishengero nk’umudiyakoni, canke umukozi nkukw’ijambo ribisobanura, umugore ntaba asenyuye urutonde Imana yashize hagati y’umugore n’umugabo.
Iyi ni yo nzira mbona ishobora guhuriza hamwe ivyo Paulo yavuze muri 1Timoteyo 2:11-14 hamwe n’inyigisho z’ibindi vyanditswe. Mu turorero twose twabonye mu vyanditswe aho Imana ikoresha abagore, nta na kamwe kigisha nk’urutonde Imana yashize mw’ishengero, kandi nta na kamwe gasenyura urutonde Imana yashizeho. Muri twose nta nahamwe dusanga umugore aganza umugabo n’aho twosuzuma mu ngo zabo. Ubugira kandi, uyimvire ikoraniro rigizwe n’ingo zitandukanye zihurira mu nzu imwe maze umugora akaba ari we aganza, yigisha na guhagarikira vyose n’ay’umugabo wiwe yicaye mu bwitonzi no guca bugufi musi y’uburongozi bw’umugore wiwe. Ibi sivy’Imana ishaka, kuko birwanya urutonde rwayo mu muryango.
Ariko Debora kuba umucamanza muri Isirayeli, Ana abwira abagabo ivya Kristo, na Mariya n’abagenzi biwe abwira intumwa ivy’izuka rya Kristo, nta n’umwe mur’abo atanga ubutumwa bubi ku bijanye n’urutonde rw’Imana mu rugo. Gukorana kw’ishengero ni ho gusa akarorero kabi gashobora kwerekanwe igihe abagore/abakenyezi baganje abagabo babo kandi akaba aribo baguma bigisha abagabo/abashingantahe babo.
Incamake (In Conclusion)
Iyo twibaza duti, “Hari ikibi c’abakenyezi mu gikorwa igihe bakorera abandi n’umutima w’urukundo, bakoresha neza ingabire bahawe n’Imana? Mbega vyonona iki mu mico canke mu ngeso?” Dusanga ikibi ari igihe ico gikorwa kiza gusenyura urutonde Imana yashize hagati y’umugabo n’umugore, abashingantahe n’abakenyezi. Mu “mirongo itera ingorane” twabonye, Paulo aratsimbataza urutonde rw’Imana mu rugo.
Tubona kw’abagore bakumirwa cane mu gikorwa c’Imana. Ahandi hose, Imana igomba gukoresha abakenyezi kubw’icubahiro ciwe, kandi yabikoze kuva imyaka ibihumbi iheze. Ivyanditswe vyerekana intererano niniya yazanywe n’abagore mu kwagura ubwami bw’Imana, bimwe muri vyo turamaze kubibona. Ntitwibagire kuvuga yuko bamwe mu bagenzi ba hafi Yesu yar’afise harimwo abagore (raba Yohana 11:5), abo bagore barashigikiye igikorwa ca Yesu mu gutanga amahera (raba Luka 8:1-3), ikintu ata mugabo n’umwe yakoze. Wa mugore kw’iriba ry’i Samariya yabwiye abagabo bo mu gisagara ciwe inkuru za Yesu nabo baramwizera (raba Yohana 4:28-30, 39). Umwigishwa w’umugore yitwa Tabita “uwo mugore yari n’ibikorwa vyiza vyinshi, n’ubuntu bwinshi yagira” (Ivyak. 9:36). Uwasize Yesu amavuta yar’umugore, kandi yaramuvugiye igihe abagabo bari batanguye kumwidodombera (raba Mariko 14:3-9). Mu kurangiza, Bibiliya ivuga yukw’abagore ari bo barize igihe Yesu yikorezwa umusaraba mu mabarabara y’i Yerusalemu, abagabo ntibavugwamwo. Utu turorero hamwe n’utundi dusa n’utwo dutegerezwa gutera integer abagore zo guhaguruka no gushitsa ibikorwa Imana yabahamagariye. Turabakeneye bose aho bava bakagera!
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Ni vyiza kumenyak’umugabo wese yavyawe n’umugore n’aho umugabo ari we yatunguye kuremwa nk’uko Paulo ibitwibutsa 1 Ab’i Korinto 11:11-12. Bisigura yuk’umugabo wese ari mutoya kuri nyina yamuvyaye.
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Impanuro ya Paulo ibwirwa “bene Data”, ijambo akoresha incuro 27 mur’iki cete, kandi ryerekana umubiri wose wa Kristo i Korinto, s’abagabo gusa.
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Ni vyiza kumenya yuko mu Kigiriki, nta jambo ryatandukanya umugore na mka ntuze, canke umugabo n’ umugabo wa ntuze. Turabira ku yindi mirongo kugira tumenye ko uwanditse yavuga ku mugabo n’umugore, cank’umushingantahe n’umutambukanyi wiwe, mur’uyo murongo Paulo avuga kuri muka ntuze, ko ashobora kubaza umugabo wiwe i muhira.