Ariko umuntu wese muri twe yahawe ubuntu nk’uko urugero rw’impano ya Kristo ruriBut to each one of us grace was given according to the measure of Christ’s gift….Nuko aha bamwe kuba intumwa ze, n’abandi kuba abahanuzi, n’abandi kuba ababwirizabutumwa bwiza, n’abandi kuba abungeri n’abigisha, kugira ngo abera batunganirizwe rwose gukora umurimo wo kugabura iby’Imana no gukomeza umubiri wa Kristo, kugeza ubwo twese tuzasohora kugira ubumwe bwo kwizera no kumenya Umwana w’Imana, kandi kugeza ubwo tuzasohora kuba abantu bashyitse bageze ku rugero rushyitse rw’igihagararo cya Kristo (Ef. 4:7, 11-13).
Imana yashyize bamwe mu Itorero, ubwa mbere intumwa, ubwa kabiri abahanuzi, ubwa gatatu abigisha, maze ishyiraho abakora ibitangaza n’abahawe impano zo gukiza indwara, n’abahawe gufasha abandi, n’abahawe gutwara, n’abahawe kuvuga indimi nyinshi (1 Kor. 12:28).
Impano z’umurimo, nk’uko zikunze kwitwa, ni imihamagaro n’ubushobozi butandukanye buhabwa abizera bamwe bubashoboza guhagarara mu murimo wo kuba intumwa, abahanuzi, ababwirizabutumwa bwiza, abungeri n’abigisha. Nta n’umwe ushobora kwishyira muri iyi myanya. Ahubwo umuntu agomba guhamagarwa n’Imana kandi agahabwa impano na yo.
Birashoboka ko umuntu umwe ashobora kugira imihamagaro irenze umwe muri iyi uko ari itanu, ariko hari bimwe bishobora kubangikanwa n’ibindi bitabangikanwa. Urugero umuntu ashobora guhamagarwa nk’umwungeri n’umwigisha cyangwa nk’umuhanuzi n’umwigisha. Nyamara biragoye ko umuntu ahamagarwa nk’umwungeri n’umubwirizabutumwa bwiza bitewe n’uko gusa umurimo w’ubwungeri usaba ko umuntu aguma ahantu hamwe akita ku mukumbi waho, bityo rero ntiyasohoza umurimo w’umubwirizabutumwa bwiza ugomba guhora ari mu ngendo.
Nubwo iyi mihamagaro uko ari itanu ifite impano zihariye kubw’impamvu zitandukanye, yose yahawe itorero kubw’intego imwe rusange–kugira ngo “abera batunganirizwe rwose gukora umurimo wo kugabura iby’Imana” (Ef. 4:12).[1] Intego ya buri mukozi w’Imana yari ikwiye kuba iyo guha abantu batunganye (ni cyo ijambo “abera” risobanura) ubushobozi bwo gukora umurimo w’Imana. Ariko kenshi na kenshi ahubwo, abari mu murimo bakora nk’aho batahamagariwe gutegurira abera gukora umurimo w’Imana, ahubwo basa nk’aho bahamagariwe gushimisha abanyamubiri bicaye mu materaniro–amateraniro y’itorero. Buri muntu wese wahamagawe muri umwe muri iyi mihamagaro agomba guhora asuzuma uruhare rwe mu “gutunganyiriza rwose abera umurimo wo kugabura iby’Imana.” Buri mukozi w’Imana agenje atyo, abenshi bakuraho ibikorwa byinshi byitirirwa “umurimo w’Imana” mu mafuti.
Mbese Impano z’Umurimo Zimwe Zari Iz’Itorero Rya Mbere Gusa?
(Were Some Ministry Gifts Only for the Early Church?)
Mbse izi mpano z’umurimo zizahabwa itorero kugeza ryari? Yesu azazitanga igihe cyose abera be bazaba bagikeneye gutunganirizwa umurimo wo kugabura iby’Imana, kandi ibyo ni ukugeza nibura igihe azagarukira. Itorero rihora ryunguka abakristo bashya bavuka baba bakeneye gukura, kandi natwe twese tuba dufite ahantu tugikeneye gukura mu by’Umwuka.
Ikibabaje ni uko hari abavuga bemeza ko muri iki gihe hariho imihamagaro y’uburyo bubiri gusa–abungeri n’ababwirizabutumwa–nk’aho Imana yahinduye umugambi wayo. Oya, turacyakeneye intumwa, abahanuzi n’abigisha nk’uko itorero rya mbere ryari ribakeneye. Impamvu tutakibona cyane impano nk’izi mu itorero hirya no hino mu isi ni uko gusa izi mpano Yesu aziha itorero rye, ntabwo aziha ingirwa torero ry’abatejejwe rikwiza ubutumwa bw’ibinyoma. Mu ngirwa-torero ushobora kuhasanga gusa abagerageza gato gushaka gusohoza umurimo w’imihamagaro imwe n’imwe (cyane cyane abungeri n’abavugabutumwa bake wenda), ariko ntibasa rwose n’abahamagawe n’Imana bagasigwa amavuta y’imihamagaro Yesu aha itorero rye. Nta gushidikanya ko badatunganyiriza abera umurimo wo kugabura iby’Imana, kuko ubutumwa babwiriza butera imbuto zo gukiranuka, ahubwo bushuka abantu bugatuma bibwira ko bababariwe. Kandi abo bantu ntibifuza gutunganirizwa kugabura iby’Imana. Nta gitekerezo bagira cyo kwiyangango bikorere imisaraba yabo.
Umenya Ute Niba Warahamagawe?
(How do You Know if You are Called?)
Umuntu amenya ate niba afite umwe muri iyi mihamagaro mu itorero? Mbere na mbere azuyumvamo uwo muhamagaro uturutse ku Mana. Azumva afite umutwaro wo gukora umurimo runaka. Ibi birenze kureba ukabona ko hari ikintu gikeneye gukorwa. Ahubwo ni inzara yo mu mutima iturutse ku Mana ihatira umuntu gukora umurimo runaka. Niba koko ari umuntu wahamagawe, ntashobora gutuza ataratangira gusohoza umuhamagaro we. Ibi ntaho bihuriye no gushyirwaho n’umuntu cyangwa komite y’itorero. Imana ni yo ihamagara.
Icya kabiri, umuntu wahamagawe koko, yisanga Imana yaramuteguriye uwo murimo yamuhamagariye. Buri muhamagaro muri iyi uko ari itanu ufite amavuta y’ibitangaza agendana na wo abashisha umuntu gukora icyo Imana yamuhamagariye gukora. Umuhamagaro uzana n’amavuta. Iyo nta mavuta nta n’umuhamagaro uba uhari. Umuntu ashobora kwifuza gukora umurimo runaka, akajya mu ishuri rya Bibiliya akamara imyaka ine yiga yitegurira uwo murimo, ariko adafite amavuta y’Imana, nta mahirwe aba afite yo kugera ku ntego nyabyo.
Icya gatatu, abona Imana imukinguriye umuryango w’uburyo bwo kugira ngo akoreshe impano ze zihariye. Icyo ni cyo gihe cye cyo kugaragaza ubwizerwa bwe, kandi amaherezo akingurirwa umuryango mugari kurushaho, agahabwa n’inshingano zirushijeho ndetse n’impano.
Iyo umuntu atigeze yiyumvamo guhatwa n’Imana mu mutima no kumva ahamagarirwa umwe muri iyi mirimo itanu, cyangwa akabona nta mavuta adasanzwe yibonaho mu gukora umurimo w’Imana runaka, cyangwa niba nta nta n’uburyo yigeze abona bwo gukoresha impano yibwira ko afite, uwo muntu ntakwiye kugerageza kuba icyo Imana itashatse ko aba cyo. Ahubwo agomba gushaka kureba uko yabera umugisha itorero rye asengeramo, n’aho atuye, ndetse n’aho akorera. Nubwo atahamagariwe umwe muri iriya mirimo uko ari “itanu” , yahamagariwe gukora akoresha impano Imana yamuhaye, kandi agomba guharanira kugaragaza ubwizerwa.
Nubwo ibyanditswe bivuga imihamagaro itanu, ntibishatse kuvuga ko buri muntu wese uri mu muhamagaro runaka azagira umurimo umuranga. Pawulo yanditse ko hariho “uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabura iby’Imana” (1 Kor. 12:5), ku buryo bishoboka ko abakozi b’Imana b’uburyo butandukanye bashobora gukora umurimo umwe. Ikindi kandi, bisa nk’aho hariho inzego zitandukanye zo gusigwa amavuta muri iyo mihamagaro, nicyo gituma rero dushobora gushyira ibyiciro muri buri murimo dukurikije urwego rwo gusigwa amavuta. Urugero, hari abigisha bamwe usanga basa nk’aho basizwe amavuta kurusha abandi bigisha. Ni na cyo kimwe ku zindi mpano z’umurimo. Jye nizera ko buri mukozi w’Imana hari ibintu ashobora gukora bigatuma arushaho kugira amavuta mu murimo we, nko kuba umwizerwa igihe kirekire no kwiyegurira Imana wese.
Reka Turebe Neza Umuhamagaro w’Intumwa
(A Closer Look at the Office of Apostle)
Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki rivuga intumwa ni apostolos kandi risosobanura “uwoherejwe.” Intumwa nyakuri yo mu Isezerano Rishya ni umwizera woherejwe n’Imana ahantu runaka hamwe cyangwa henshi kugira ngo ahashyire amatorero. Agashyiraho urufatiro rw’umwuka rw’ “inzu” y’Imana; twamugereranya n’ “umwubakisha mukuru upatana amazu,” nk’uko Pawulo, na we ubwe kandi akaba intumwa, yanditse ati:
Kuko twembi Imana ari yo dukorera na mwe mukaba umurimo w’Imana n’inzu yayo. Nk’uko ubuntu bw’Imana nahawe bungana, nashyizeho urufatiro nk’umwubakisha mukuru w’ubwenge, undi yubakaho (1 Kor. 3:9-10a).
“Umwubakisha mukuru w’ubwenge,” cyangwa umwubakisha upatana, ahagarikira ubwubatsi kuva butangiye kugeza burangiye–we aba afite iyerekwa ry’inyubako yuzuye neza. Ntabwo we ari umutekinisiye nk’umufundi cyangwa uwubaka sharupante. Ashobora na we kuba yakubaka amatafari cyangwa agashyiraho sharupante, ariko wenda ntiyabikora neza nk’abo batekinisiye. Nuko rero n’intumwa iba ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora umurimo w’umwungeri cyangwa uw’umubwirizabutumwa, ariko kumara gusa igihe runaka mu gihe atangiza itorero. (Intumwa Pawulo ubusanzwe yamaraga ahantu igihe kiri hagati y’amezi atandatu n’imyaka itatu).
Intumwa ibyayo cyane cyane ni ugutangiza amatorero hanyuma akayahagarikira kugira ngo akomeze agume ku murongo Imana iyashakaho. Intumwa ni yo ifite inshingano yo gushyiraho abakuru b’itorero/abapastori/abepiskopi kugira ngo baragire buri torero atangije (reba Ibyak. 14:21-23; Tito 1:5).
Intumwa z’Ukuri n’iz’ibinyoma
(True and False Apostles)
Bigaragara ko abakozi b’Imana bamwe muri iki gihe, kubera gushaka kugira imbaraga mu matorero, bihuta cyane gutangaza ko bafite umuhamagaro wo kuba intumwa, ariko abenshi baba bafite ikibazo gikomeye. Mu gihe nta torero na rimwe bigeze batangiza (cyangwa wenda bakaba baratangije itorero rimwe cyangwa abiri) kandi bakaba nta n’impano cyangwa amavuta y’intumwa nk’iyo Bibiliya ivuga, nta kindi bakora uretse gushaka abapastori b’abemera gato babareka bakagira ubutware ku matorero yabo. Niba uri umupastori, ntugashukwe n’abo bishyira hejuru gusa, intumwa z’ibinyoma zuzuye inyota y’ubutegetsi. Ubusanzwe ayo ni amasega yambaye uruhu rw’intama. Akenshi nta kindi baba bakurikiye ni amafaranga. Bibiliya iratuburira ku ntumwa nk’izo z’ibinyoma (reba 2 Kor. 11:13; Ibyah. 2:2). Niba barinda kukwibwirira ubwabo ko ari intumwa, wenda icyo ni na cyo kimenyetso cy’uko batari intumwa. Ubundi imbuto zabo zakagombye kwivugira.
Umupastori utangiza itorero rye akarigumamo akariyobora imyaka n’imyaka, uwo si intumwa. Abapastori nk’abo, wenda, bakwitwa “abapastori -ntumwa” kuko baba baritangirije amatorero yabo. Ariko na none ntibaba bahagaze mu muhamagaro w’intumwa kuko intumwa ikomeza kugenda itangiza amatorero.
“Umumisiyoneri”, nk’uko bakunze kwitwa muri iki gihe, nyawe watumwe n’Imana kandi wasizwe amavuta, umuhamagaro w’ibanze ukaba uwo gushinga amatorero, ni we uba ari mu murimo w’intumwa koko. Ku rundi ruhande, abamisiyoneri bakora umurimo wo gushyiraho amashuri ya Bibiliya no gutoza abapastori ntabwo baba ari intumwa ahubwo ni abigisha.
Umurimo w’intumwa nyayo urangwa n’ibimenyetso n’ibitangaza, kandi ibyo biramufasha cyane mu gutangiza amatorero. Pawulo yaranditse ati:
Dore za ntumwa zikomeye cyane ntacyo zandushije, nubwo nta cyo ndi cyo. Ni ukuri nakoze ibimenyetso byerekana ko ndi intumwa, mbikorera hagati yanyu nihangana cyane, ari byo bitangaza n’ibimenyetso n’imirimo ikomeye (2 Kor. 12:11b-12).
Iyo umuntu adafite ibimenyetso n’ibitangaza biherekeje umurimo we, ubwo si intumwa. Biragaragara ko intumwa nyakuri zidakunze kuboneka, kandi ntiziba mu ngirwatorero ritejejwe ry’ubutumwa bw’ikinyoma. Cyane cyane nkunze kubasanga ahantu mu isi hakiri isugi mu buryo bw’ubutumwa bwiza.
Urwego rukuru rw’Intumwa
(The High Rank of the Apostle)
Ahantu habiri hari urutonde rw’impano z’umurimo mu Isezerano Rishya, hombi hashyira intumwa ku mwanya wa mbere, icyo kikerekana ko uwo ari wo muhamagaro usumba iyindi (reba Ef. 4:11; 1 Kor. 12:28).
Nta n’umwe utangira umurimo we ari intumwa. Umuntu arashyira agahamagarirwa kuba intumwa, ariko si byo atangirana. Agomba kubanza akagaragaza ko ari umwizerwa akamara imyaka runaka abwiriza anigisha, hanyuma, amaherezo, akazahagarara mu murimo Imana yamuteguriye. Pawulo yahamagawe akiri mu nda ya nyina kuzaba intumwa, ariko yamaze imyaka myinshi ari mu murimo mbere yuko ahagarara muri uwo muhamagaro (reba Gal. 1:15-2:1). Mu byukuri yatangiye nk’umwigisha n’umuhanuzi (reba Ibyak. 13:1-2), nuko nyuma aza kuzamurwa ku rwego rw’intumwa igihe yoherezwaga n’Umwuka Wera (reba Ibyak 14:14).
Tubona izindi ntumwa uretse Pawulo na ba bandi cumi na babiri ba mbere mu Ibyak 1:15-26; 14:14; Rom. 16:7; 2 Kor. 8:23; Gal. 1:17-19; Fili. 2:25 no mu 1 Tes. 1:1 na 2:6. (Ijambo ryasobanuwe intumwa mu 2 Kor. 8:23 no mu Fili. 2:25 ni ijambo ry’Ikigiriki apostolos.) Ibi bivuguruza ya myizerere ivuga ko kuba intumwa byagarukiye kuri ba bandi cumi na babiri.
Ariko intumwa cumi n’ebyiri gusa ni zo zashyirwa mu rwego rw’abitwa “Intumwa z’Umwana w’intama,” kandi abo cumi na babiri ni bo bonyine bazagira umwanya w’umwihariko muri ya myaka igihumbi y’ingoma ya Kristo (reba Mat. 19:28; Ibyah. 21:14). Ntitugikeneye intumwa nka Petero, Yakobo na Yohana bavuganaga n’Imana mu buryo bw’umwihariko kugira ngo bandike Bibiliya, kuko ihishurirwa rya Bibiliya ryuzuye neza. Nyamara ariko muri iki gihe turacyakeneye intumwa zishinga amatorero mu mbaraga z’Umwuka Wera, nk’uko Pawulo n’izindi ntumwa bagiraga, nk’uko bivugwa mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa.
Umurimo w’Umuhanuzi
(The Office of Prophet)
Umuhanuzi ni umuntu uhabwa ihishurirwa ry’indengakamere akavuga abwirijwe n’Imana. Ubusanzwe akoreshwa kenshi mu mpano y’umwuka yo guhanura, kimwe no mu mpano zo guhishurirwa: ijambo ry’ubwenge, ijambo ryo kumenya, no kurobanura imyuka.
Buri mwizera wese ashobora gukoreshwa n’Imana mu mpano y’ubuhanuzi uko Umwuka ashatse, ariko ibyo ntibimuhindura umuhanuzi. Umuhanuzi mbere na mbere ni umukozi w’Imana ushobora kubwiriza cyangwa kwigisha ari mu mavuta y’Imana. Bitewe n’uko umuhamagaro w’umuhanuzi ari wo uza ubwa kabiri mu mihamagaro iruta iyindi (reba uko ikurikirana mu 1 Kor. 12:28), n’umukozi w’Imana wiyeguriye Imana utagira akandi kazi akora ntiyahabwa inshingano z’umuhanuzi ataramara imyaka ari umukozi w’Imana. Iyo ahagaze muri uwo muhamagaro, agira ubushobozi ndengakamere bugendana na wo.
Abagabo babiri bitwa abahanuzi mu Isezerano Rishya ni Yuda na Sila. Dusoma mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe 15:32 ko batanze ubuhanuzi burebure mu itorero ry’Antiyokiya:
Yuda na Sila kuko nab o bari abahanuzi, bahugūza baene Data amagambo menshi barabakomeza.
Urundi rugero rw’umuhanuzi mu Isezerano Rishya ni Agabo. Mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe 11:27-28 dusoma ngo:
Muri iyo minsi abahanuzi bava i Yerusalemu, bajya muri Antiyokiya. Nuko umwe muri bo witwaga Agabo, arahaguruka arahanura abwirijwe n’Umwuka ati “Inzara nyinshi izatera mu isi yose.” Ni yo yateye ku ngoma y’umwami Kilawudiyo.
Urabona ko Agabo yahawe ijambo ry’ubwenge–hari ikintu yahishuriwe cyo mu bihe bizaza. Birumvikana, Agabo ntiyashoboraga kumenya buri kintu cyose kizaba mu bihe bizaza, yamenyaga gusa icyo Umwuka Wera ashatse kumuhishurira.
Mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe 21:10-11, hari urundi urugero rw’aho ijambo ry’ubwenge rikorera muri Agabo. Icyo gihe cyo byari kubw’umuntu umwe, ari we Pawulo:
Tugitinzeyo iminsi, haza umuhanuzi witwaga Agabo avuye i Yudaya. Ageze aho turi, yenda umushumi wa Pawulo awibohesha amaguru n’amaboko aravuga ati, “Umwuka Wera avuze ngo: ‘Nyir’uyu mushumi ni ko Abayuda bazamubohera i Yerusalemu, bamutange mu maboko y’abapagani.'”
Mbese Bibiliya mu Isezerano Rishya yemera ko umuntu yasaba abahanuzi bakamugira inama bakamuyobora icyo akwiye gukora? Oya. Impamvu ni uko abizera bose bafite Umwuka Wera ubayobora. Umuhanuzi agomba kuba uwo kwemeza gusa ashimangira ibyo umwizera asanzwe azi ko ari bwo buyobozi bw’Imana mu mu mutima we. Urugero, igihe Agabo yahanuriraga Pawulo, ntiyamuhaye umurongo agomba gukurikiza mu byo yagombaga gukora; yashimangiye gusa ibyo Pawulo yari amaze igihe azi.
Nk’uko twabivuze mbere, Pawulo yari ahagaze mu muhamagaro w’umuhanuzi (n’umwigisha) mbere y’uko ahamagarirwa umurimo w’intumwa (reba Ibyak 13:1). Tuzi ko Pawulo yabonye ihishurirwa riturutse ku Mwami nk’uko Gal. 1:11-12 havuga, kandi yagize n’amayerekwa menshi (reba Ibyak 9:1-9; 18:9-10; 22:17-21; 23:11; 2 Kor. 12:1-4).
Kimwe n’intumwa nyakuri, mu itorero ry’ikinyoma nta bahanuzi nyakuri babamo. Abahanuzi b’ukuri nka Sila, Yuda na Agabo, Itorero ry’ikinyoma ryari kubirukanira kure (kandi ni ko ribigenza). Impamvu ni uko abahanuzi b’ukuri bashobora kuzana ihishurirwa ry’ukuntu Imana ibabajwe n’ubugome bwaryo (nk’uko Yohana yabigenje ku matorero menshi yo muri Asiya mu bice bibiri bibanza by’igitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe). Ibyo itorero ry’ikinyoma ntiribyakira.
Umurimo w’Umwigisha
(The Office of Teacher)
Dukurikije urutonde rwo mu 1 Abakorinto 12:28, umurimo w’umwigisha ni wo muhamagaro wa gatatu mu mihamagaro iruta iyindi. Umwigisha aba afite amavuta ndengakamere yo kwigisha Ijambo ry’Imana. Kuba umuntu yigisha Bibiliya ntibivuze ko ari umwigisha wo mu Isezerano Rishya. Abenshi bigisha bitewe n’uko babikunda gusa cyangwa se kubera ko bumva ko ari ngombwa kubikora, ariko umuntu uhagaze mu muhamagaro w’umwigisha aba afite impano ndengakamere yo kwigisha. Kenshi ahishurirwa Ijambo ry’Imana mu buryo bw’ibitangaza kandi asobanura Bibiliya ku buryo yumvikana neza kandi igashyirwa mu ngiro.
Apolo ni irugero rwiza rwo mu Isezerano Rishya rw’umuntu wahagaze muri uyu muhamagaro. Pawulo yagereranyije umurimo we w’intumwa n’umurimo wa Apolo wo kwigisha muri aya magambo yo mu 1 Abakorinto:
Ni jye wateye imbuto, Apolo na we arazuhīra, ariko Imana ni yo yazikujije….Nashyizeho urufatiro, nk’umwubakisha mukuru w’ubwenge, undi yubakaho (1 Kor. 3:6, 10b).
Apolo, umwigisha, si we wateye imbuto mbere na mbere cyangwa ngo ashyireho urufatiro. Ahubwo yuhīriye imbuto zikimara kumera azuhīza Ijambo ry’Imana kandi azamura ibihome ku musingi wamaze kubakwa.
Apolo anavugwa mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe 18:27:
Ashatse [Apolo] kwambuka ngo ajye muri Akaya, bene Data baramukomeza, bandikira abigishwa ngo bamwakireNawe asohoyeyo, ubuntu bw’Imana bumutera gufasha cyane abizeye, kuko yatsindiraga Abayuda cyane imbere y’abantu, abereka mu byanditswe yuko Yesu ari we Kristo.
Urabona ko Apolo “yafashije cyane” abantu bari bamaze guhinduka Abakristo kandi inyigisho ze bavugaga ko “zifite imbaraga.” Inyigisho zisize amavuta iteka ziba zifite imbaraga.
Umurimo wo kwigisha ufite umumaro cyane ku itorero kuruta no gukora ibitangaza cyangwa impano zo gukiza indwara. Ni cyo gituma kwigisha ari byo biza mbere y’izo mpano muri rwa rutonde rwo mu 1 Abakorinto 12:28:
Imana yashyize bamwe mu Itorero, ubwa mbere intumwa, ubwa kabiri abahanuzi, ubwa gatatu abigisha, maze ishyiraho abakora ibitangaza, n’abahawe impano zo gukiza indwara.
Ikibabaje usanga akenshi abizera bashishikajwe no kubona indwara zikira kurusha gutega amatwi aho Ijambo ry’Imana ryigishwa neza mu buryo busesuye, ari byo bituma bakura mu mwuka bakagira no gukiranuka mu mibereho yabo.
Bibiliya ivuga ku kubwiriza no kwigisha. Kwigisha cyane cyane bishingira ku bwenge no ku buryo ibintu bigomba gukorwa, naho kubwiriza bijyanye no guhumura amaso bagahishurirwa ibyo batari bazi mu buryo bubakangura mu marangamutima yabo. Umubwirizabutumwa muri rusange arabwiriza. Abigisha n’abungeri bo barigisha. Intumwa zirabwiriza kandi zikigisha. Birababaje ko abizera bamwe bataziagaciro ko kwigisha. Bamwe banibwira ko igihe cyonyine bumva ko umuntu afite amavuta y’Imana ari igihe abwiriza asakuza kandi avuga vuba vuba cyane! Ibyo si ko bimeze.
Yesu ni we rugero rwiza rw’umwigisha usize amavuta. Kwigisha ni byo byari byiganje mu murimo we cyane ku buryo abenshi bamuhamagaraga “Mwigisha” (Mat. 8:19; Mar 5:35; Yoh 11:28).
Ushatse gukomeza kwiga neza iby’abigisha n’inyigisho, wareba Ibyak. 2:42; 5:21, 25, 28, 42; 11:22-26; 13:1; 15:35; 18:11; 20:18-20; 28:30-31; Rom. 12:6-7; 1 Kor. 4:17; Gal. 6:6; Kolo. 1:28; 1 Tim. 4:11-16; 5:17; 6:2; 2 Tim. 1:11; 2:2 na Yak. 3:1. Icyanditswe gisoza uru rutonde kitubwira ko abigisha bazahura n’urubanza rurusha urw’abandi gukomera, ko rero bagomba kwitondera cyane ibyo bigisha. Bagomba kwigisha Ijambo ry’Imana gusa.
Umuhamagaro w’Umubwirizabutumwa bwiza
(The Office of Evangelist)
Umubwirizabutumwa ni umuntu wasizwe amavuta yo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza. Ubutumwa atanga buba bugamije gutuma abantu bihana kandi bakizera Umwami Yesu Kristo. Bagendana n’ibitangaza bikurura abatizera bikabemeza ko ibyo umubwirizabutumwa avuga ari ukuri.
Ni yo mpamvu nta gushidikanya ko mu itorero rya mbere harimo ababwirizabutumwa benshi, ariko umuntu umwe ni we uvugwa nk’umubwirizabutumwa mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’intumwa. Izina rye ni Filipo: “Twinjira mu nzu ya Filipo umubwiriza w’ubutumwa bwiza, n’umwe muri ba bandi barindwi, ducumbika iwe” (Ibyak 21:8).
Filipo yatangiye umurimo we ari umugaragu (cyangwa se wenda “umudiyakoni”) wagaburaga ku meza (reba Ibyak 6:1-6). Yaje kuzamurwa mu ntera ku murimo w’umubwiriza w’ubutumwa bwiza mu gihe cy’itotezwa ry’itorero ryadutse igihe Stefano yicwa ahowe Kristo. Yabanje kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza i Samariya:
Filipo aramanuka ajya mu mudugudu w’i Samariya, ababwiriza ibya Kristo. Ab’aho benshi baraterana, bumva ibyo Filipo avuga n’umutima uhuye bamwitayeho, bumvise kandi babonye ibimenyetso yakoraga. Kuko benshi muri bo bari bafite abadayimoni babavamo basakuza cyane, n’abari baremaye n’abacumbagira benshi barakizwa. Haba umunezero mwinshi muri uwo mudugudu (Ibyak 8:5-8).
Urabona ko Filipo yari afite ubutumwa bumwe–Kristo. Intego ye yari ugutangira guhindura abantu abigishwa, ni ukuvuga kubahindura abayoboke ba Kristo bamwumvira. Yamamazaga ko Kristo ari we ukora ibitangaza, akamamaza ko ari Umwana w’Imana, Umwami, Umukiza kandi uzagaruka vuba ari Umucamanza. Yahamagariraga abantu kwihana ibyaha bagakurikira Umwami we Yesu.
Kandi urabona ko Filipo yaherekezwaga n’ibitangaza n’ibimenyetso byo gutangira ubuhamya ubutumwa abwiriza ko ari ubw’ukuri. Umuntu uhagaze mu muhamagaro w’umuvugabutumwa asigwa amavuta agahabwa impano zo gukiza indwara n’izindi mpano z’umwuka. Itorero ry’ikinyoma rigira ababwirizabutumwa b’ibibinyoma gusa bamamaza ubutumwa bw’ibinyoma. Muri iki gihe isi yuzuye bene abo babwirizabutumwa, kandi biragaragara ko ubutumwa babwiriza Imana itabutangira ubuhamya mu buryo bw’ibitangaza no gukiza indwara. Impamvu nta yindi ni uko gusa batabwiriza ubutumwa bwayo. Ntibavuga Kristo mu kubwiriza kwabo. Ubusanzwe iyo babwiriza bavuga ku bijyanye n’ibyo abantu bakeneye n’ukuntu Kristo ashobora kubaha ubuzima busagutse, cyangwa bakabwiriza icyitwa agakiza ariko kitarimo kwihana ibyaha. Bayobora abantu mu kintu bita gukizwa ariko kw’ikinyoma gihumuriza abantu gusa ariko kitabageza ku gakiza. Icyo uko kubwiriza kwabo kubyara ni uko abantu baba noneho barushijeho kuba kureyo kuvuka ubwa kabiri, kuko nta mpamvu baba bakibona yo gushaka kwakira icyo bibwira ko bamaze gushyikira. Ababwirizabutumwa nk’abo mu byukuri bafasha ahubwo Satani kubaka ubwami bwe.
Umuhamagaro w’umubwirizabutumwa ntabwo uri ku rutonde rumwe n’indi mihamagaro iri mu 1 Abakorinto 12:28 nk’uko biri mu Abefeso 4:11. Ariko nibwira ko iyo bavuga ku byerekeranye n’ “ibitangaza n’impano zo gukiza indwara” muri kiriya gice baba bavuga umuhamagaro w’ababwirizabutumwa kuko ibyo ni byo byarangaga umurimo wa Filipo umubwirizabutumwa, kandi byanatangira ubuhamya bukomeye umurimo w’ivugabutumwa no ku wundi mubwirizabutumwa uwo ari we wese.
Abenshi bava mu itorero bajya mu rindi biyita ababwirizabutumwa ntabwo mu byukuri baba ari ababwirizabutumwa kuko babwiriza mu nsengero gusa babwiriza Abakristo, kandi nta n’impano zo gukiza indwara n’ibitangaza baba bafite. (Bamwe bavuga ko ngo bafite izo mpano, ariko abo bashobora gushuka ni abantu b’abemera gato gusa. Ibitangaza byabo bikomeye ni abantu bitura hasi nabwo kandi kuko babasunitse bakabagusha.) Abo bakozi b’Imana bahora mu ngendo ahari wenda umuntu yabita abigisha cyangwa se abantu bazi guhugura abandi (reba Rom. 12:8), ariko ntabwo bahagaze mu muhamagaro w’umubwirizabutumwa. Ariko birashoboka na none ko Imana yatangiza umurimo w’umuntu nk’uhugura cyangwa uwigisha, ikaza kumuzamura mu ntera ku muhamagaro w’umubwirizabutumwa.
Ushaka gukomeza kwiga ku byerekeranye n’umuhamagaro w’ivugabutumwa, wasoma Ibyak 8:4-40, ahanditse iby’umurimo wa Filipo. Urahabona ukuntu imihamagaro yose yuzuzanya (reba by’umwihariko imirongo 14-25) n’ukuntu Filipo atabwirije ubutumwa ibiterane by’abantu benshi gusa ahubwo yanayoborwaga n’Imana kubwiriza umuntu umwe (reba Ibyak 8:25-39).
Ababwirizabutumwa bafite inshingano yo kubatiza abo bamaze guhindura, ariko ntabwo ari ngombwa ko ari bo basengera abizera bashya ngo babatizwe mu Mwuka Wera. Iyo ubundi ni inshingano y’intumwa cyangwa abungeri/abakuru b’itorero/abepisikopi.
Umuhamagaro w’Umwungeri
(The Office of Pastor)
Mu bice bibiri bibanza by’iki gitabo nagereranyije inshingano z’umupastori mu buryo bwa Bibiliya n’iz’umupastori uciriritse w’itorero- dini. Ariko haracyari byinshi byo kuvuga ku murimo w’umwungeri.
Kugira ngo dushobore gusobanukirwa neza icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku muhamagaro w’umwungeri, dukwiriye gusobanukirwa amagambo y’ingenzi atatu y’Ikigiriki. Mu Kigiriki ni (1) poimen, (2) presbuteros na (3) episkopos. Asobanurwa (1) umwungeri cyangwa pasitori, (2) umukuru w’itorero, n'(3) umuyobozi cyangwa umwepisikopi.
Ijambo poimen riboneka incuro cumi n’umunani mu Isezerano Rishya kandi risobanura umwungeri incuro cumi n’indwi rigasobanura pasitori incuro imwe. Inshinga ni poimaino, iboneka incuro cumi n’imwe kandi akenshi isobanura kuragira.
Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki presbuteros riboneka incuro mirongo itandatu n’esheshatu mu Isezerano Rishya. Mirongo itandatu muri izo ncuro risobanurwa umukuru cyangwa abakuru.
Hanyuma, ijambo ry’Ikigiriki episkopos riboneka incuro eshanu mu Isezerano Rishya, kandi incuro enye muri izo eshanu risobanura uhagarariye (overseer). Bibiliya yitwa King James irisobanura umwepisikopi (bishop).
Ayo magambo yose uko ari atatu avuga ku mwanya umwe mu itorero, kandi ashobora guhinduranywa rimwe rigakoreshwa mu mwanya w’irindi nta cyo bihinduye. Igihe cyose intumwa Pawulo yashingaga amatorero, yashyiragaho abakuru b’Itorero (presbuteros) akayabasigaho ngo bite ku mukumbi (see Acts 14:23, Tit. 1:5). Inshingano zabo kwari ukuyasigarana nk’abayobozi bayo (episkopos) n’abaragiye (poimaino) umukumbi. Urugero ni mu gitabo cy’Ibyak 20:17 aho dusoma ngo:
Ari I Mileto atumira abakuru b’Itorero [presbuteros] ryo muri Efeso.
Hanyuma Pawulo yabwiye iki abo bakuru b’Itorero?
Mwirinde ubwanyu, murinde n’umukumbi wose Umwuka Wera yabashyiriyeho kuba abarinzi [episkopos], kugira ngo muragire [poimaino] Itorero ry’Imana, iryo yaguze amaraso yayo (Ibyak. 20:28).
Urabona ukuntu aya magambo atatu y’Ikigiriki rimwe rishobora gukoreshwa mu mwanya w’irindi ntacyo bihinduye. Ntabwo ari imihamagaro itatu itandukanye. Pawulo yabwiye abakuru b’itorero ko ari bo bayobozi (overseers) bagomba gukora nk’abungeri.
Petero mu rwandiko rwe rwa mbere yaranditse ati:
Aya magambo ndayahuguza abakuru b’Itorero [presbuteros] bo muri mwe, kuko nanjye ndi umukuru mugenzi wanyu, n’umugabo wo guhamya imibabaro ya Kristo kandi mfatanije na mwe ubwiza buzahishurwa. Muragire [poimaino] umukumbi w’Imana wo muri mwe mutawurinda nk’abahatwa, ahubwo muwurinde mubikunze nk’uko Imana ishaka atari ku bwo kwifuza indamu mbi, ahubwo ku bw’umutima ukunze kandi mudasa n’abatwaza igitugu abo mwagabanijwe, ahubwo mube ibyitegererezo by’umukumbi. Kandi Umutahiza naboneka, muzahabwa ikamba ry’ubugingo ritangirika (1 Pet. 5:1-4).
Petero yabwiye abakuru b’Itorero kuragira umukumbi bagabanijwe. Inshinga isobanuwe hano kuragira ni yo isobanura (ishyizwe mu buryo bw’izina) pasitori mu gitabo cy’Abefeso 4:11:
Nuko [Yesu] aha bamwe kuba intumwa ze, n’abandi kuba abahanuzi, n’abandi kuba ababwirizabutumwa bwiza, n’abandi kuba abungeri n’abigisha.
Ibi na byo bituma twemera ko abakuru b’Itorero n’abungeri ari kimwe.
Pawulo na we yakoresheje amagambo umukuru w’Itorero (presbuteros) n’umuyobozi (episkopos) ayahinduranya ku buryo rimwe rikora mu mwanya w’irindi muri Tito 1:5-7:
Icyatumye ngusiga i Kirete ni ukugira ngo utunganye ibyasigaye bidatunganye, kandi ngo ushyire abakuru b’Itorero mu midugudu yose nk’uko nagutegetse….Kuko umwepisikopi akwiruye kutabaho umugayo.
Bityo rero nta muntu ushyira mu gaciro wajya impaka zo kuvuga ko umurimo w’umupastori, umukuru w’Itorero, n’umwesikopi atari umurimo umwe. Nuko rero ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyandikiwe abepisikopi n’abakuru b’Itorero mu Isezerano Rishya kireba n’abapasitori.
Imiyoborere y’Itorero
(Church Governance)
Kandi duhereye ku byanditswe twabonye haruguru biragaragara neza ko abakuru b’Itorero/abungeri/abepisikopi batahawe gusa inshingano yo kuyobora mu mwuka Itorero ahubwo banarihaweho ubutware. Ni ukuvuga ngo, abakuru b’Itorero/abapasitori/abepisikopi ni bo bayobozi, abagize Itorero bagomba kubagandukira:
Mwumvire ababayobora mubagandukire, kuko ari bo baba maso barinda imitima yanyu nk’abazabibazwa (Heb. 13:17).
Birumvikana ko nta mukristo wagandukira umupastori na we ubwe utagandukira Imana, ariko kandi akwiye no kumenya ko nta mupastori waba intungane rwose.
Abapasitori/abakuru b’Itorero/abepisikopi bafite ubutware ku matorero nk’uko se w’abana agira ubutware mu rugo:
Nuko umwepisikopi [pasitori/umukuru w’Itorero] akwiriye kuba inyangamugayo….Utegeka neza abo murugo rwe, agatera abana be kumvira no kubaha rwose. (Mbese utazi gutegeka abo mu rugo rwe yabasha ate kurinda Itorero ry’Imana?) (1 Tim. 3:2-5).
Pawulo akomeza avuga ati,
Abakuru b’Itorero [abapasitori/abepisikopi] batwara neza batekerezwe ko bakwiriye guhabwa icyubahiro incuro ebyiri, ariko cyane cyane abarushywa no kuvuga ijambo ry’Imana no kwigisha (1 Tim. 5:17).
Biragaragara neza ko abakuru b’Itorero ari bo bagomba gutegeka Itorero.
Abakuru b’Itorero batari Abo Mu Buryo Bwa Bibiliya
(Unscriptural Elders)
Amatorero menshi yibwira ko imiyoborere yayo ari iya Bibiliya ngo kuko bafite itsinda ry’abakuru b’Itorero bayoboye, ariko ikibazo cyabo usanga bafite imyumvire ipfuye y’umukuru w’itorero icyo ari cyo. Abakuru b’Itorero babo bahora batorwa kandi basimburana ku buyobozi. Akenshi babita “Inama y’abakuru b’Itorero.” Ariko abantu nk’abo si abakuru b’Itorero mu buryo bwa Bibiliya. Byonyine turebye ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu abe umukuru w’Itorero nk’uko Pawulo yabishyize ku rutonde, biragaragara neza. Pawulo yanditse avuga ko umukuru w’Itorero aba yariyeguriye umurimo w’Imana bityo rero agira umwanya w’ubuyobozi bw’Itorero, kwigisha no kubwiriza kandi agomba kubihemberwwa (reba 1 Tim. 3:4-5; 5:17-18; Tito 1:9). Ni bake cyane, niba bahari, mu bantu baba mu “nama z’abakuru b’Itorero” usanga bujuje ibyo. Ntibahembwa; ntibabwiriza cyangwa ngo bigishe; ntibaba bariyeguriye umurimo w’Imana mu Itorero; kandi ni gake cyane wasanga hari icyo bazi mu miyoborere y’Itorero.
Ubuyobozi bw’Itorero mu buryo butari ubwa Bibiliya bushobora no kuba ari bwo ntandāro y’ibibazo byinshi mu Itorero kurusha ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Iyo abantu batari bakwiye kuyobora Itorero ari bo bariyoboye, ibibazo biba byaje. Bishobora gukingura umuryango w’intonganya, guteshuka ku kuri n’Itorero muri rusange rigahungabana. Ubuyobozi bw’Itorero butari mu buryo bwa Bibiliya ni nk’ikimenyetso cyo guha ikaze Satani.
Ndabona ko nandikira abapasitori b’amatorero dini kimwe n’ab’amatorero yo mu rugo. Abapasitori bamwe b’amatorero dini bashobora kuba bayoboye amatorero afite ubuyobozi butari ubwo mu buryo bwa Bibiliya aho usanga abakuru b’Itorero batorwa mu bakristo. Iyi miyoborere itari iya Bibiliya ntushobora kuyihindura hatabayeho intambara.
Inama nagira bene abo bapastori ni uko bagerageza babifashijwemo n’Imana bagahindura iyo miyoborere y’Itorero kandi bakihanganira intambara z’igihe gito zigomba kubaho byanze bikunze, kuko n’ubundi batazabura guhura n’intambara z’urudaca nibadahindura iyo miyoborere. Nibihanganira guhangana by’igihe gito ariko bakagera ku ntego, bazaba birinze kuzahora mu ntambara. Niba kandi byanze bashobora gutangiza amatorero mashya aho bazashyiraho imiyoborere ya Bibiliya kuva bagitangira.
Nubwo biruhije, ariko mu gihe kizaza birashoboka ko bazagira umusaruro mwiza kurushaho ku bw’ubwami bw’Imana. Niba abayoboye itorero ari abigishwa ba Kristo nyabo, pasitori aba afite amahirwe yo kubasha kubemeza guhindura imiyoborere mu gihe ashoboye kubemeza neza abubashye abagaragariza aho biva muri Bibiliya.
Abakuru b’Itorero benshi?
(The Plurality of Elders?)
Abenshi bakunda gushingira ku mpamvu y’uko abakuru b’Itorero iteka bavugwa mu bwinshi muri Bibiliya, bityo rero bakavuga ko byaba bitemewe na Bibiliya ko umukuru w’Itorero umwe rukumbi/pastori/umwepisikopi ayobora umukumbi. Ariko iyo mpamvu ku bwanjye ntihagije kugira ngo hemezwe ko abakuru b’Itorero bagomba kuba benshi. Bibiliya ko ivuga ko, mu midugudu imwe n’imwe, abakuru b’itorero barenze umwe bayoboraga itorero, ariko ntivuga ko abo bakuru b’itorero babaga bari ku rwego rumwe rw’ubuyobozi bw’itorero. Urugero igihe Pawulo yakoranyaga abakuru b’Itorero b’i Efeso (reba Ibyak 20:17), biragaragara neza ko abo bakuru b’Itorero bari abo mu mujyi urimo abakristo muri rusange bashobora kuba barabarirwaga mu bihumbi cyangwa ndetse mu bihumbi mirongo (reba Ibyak 19:19). Bityo rero umukumbi ugomba kuba wari munini cyane muri Efeso, kandi birashoboka cyane ko buri mukuru w’Itorero yari afite Itorero ryo mu rugo ayoboye.
Nta rugero tubona muri Bibiliya aho Imana yahamagaye komite y’abantu gukora umurimo runaka. Igihe yakaga gucungura ubwoko bwa Isirayeli ibakura muri Egiputa, yahamagaye umuntu umwe, Mose, ngo abe ari we uba umuyobozi. Abandi bahamagawe gufasha Mose, ariko bose bari munsi y’ubuyobozi bwe, buri wese yari afite inshingano zo kuyobora itsinda ry’abantu runaka. Iyo mikorere uyisanga henshi mu byanditswe. Igihe Imana ifite igikorwa ishaka gukora, ihamagara umuntu umwe ikamuha iyo nshingano, hanyuma igahamagara abandi bantu bo gufasha uwo yahaye inshingano.
Bityo rero ntibyumvikana ukuntu Imana yahamagara komite y’abakuru b’itorero bafite ububasha bungana ngo bayobore itorero rito ryo mu rugo rifite abantu batarenga makumyabiri. Byaba ari ugushaka gukurura ibibazo by’amakimbirane mu buyobozi.
Ibi ntabwo bishatse kuvuga ko buri torero ryo mu rugo rigomba kuyoborwa n’umukuru w’itorero umwe rukumbi. Ahubwo bishatse kuvuga ko igihe mu itorero hari abakuru b’itorero barenze umwe, umutoya/abatoya kandi udakuze/badakuze mu mwuka cyane agomba /bagomba kwicisha bugufi munsi y’ubuyobozi bw’umukuru w’itorero ubaruta kandi ubarusha gukura mu mwuka. Dukurikije Bibiliya, amatorero ni yo agomba gutorezwamo abapastori/abakuru b’itorero/abepisikopi ntabwo ari amashuri ya Bibiliya, ubwo rero birashoboka, kandi ni byo bikenewe, ko habaho abapastori/abakuru b’itorero/abepiskopi benshi mu itorero ryo mu rugo, abatoya bagatozwa n’abakuru mu by’umwuka.
Ibi nagiye mbibona no mu matorero avugwa ko ayobowe n’abakuru b’itorero bari ku “rwego rumwe”. Iteka usanga hari uwo abandi bubashye kandi bareberaho. Cyangwa hakaba hari umwe ugaragara cyane mu buyobozi abandi bamugaragiye gusa. Naho ubundi amaherezo haba guhangana. N’amakomite iteka yitoramo perezida. Igihe itsinda ry’abantu bari ku rwego rumwe bahagurutse gukora umurimo, bageza aho bakabona ko bagomba kugira umuyobozi umwe. Ni na ko bimeze mu itorero.
Ikindi kandi, inshingano y’abakuru b’itorero Pawulo ayigereranya n’iya ba se w’abana muri 1 Timoteyo 3:4-5. Abakuru b’itorero bagomba kuba bazi kuyobora ingo zabo neza, naho ubundi ntibaba bujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bayobore itorero. Ariko se umuryango urimo ba se w’abana babiri banganya ubutware ubuyobozi bwawo bwaba bumeze bute? Ndakeka ko haba ibibazo.
Abakuru b’itorero/abapasitori/abepisikopi baba bakwiye kugirana ubufatanye n’abandi bayobozi mu rwego rw’akarere bakoreramo kugira ngo bashobore kugenzurana ubwabo kandi kugira ngo haramutse habaye ikibazo bagobokane. Pawulo yandika ku byerekeranye na “presbytery” (reba 1 Tim. 4:14), rigomba kuba ryari ihuriro rya ba presbuteros (abakuru b’itorero) ndetse biranashoboka ko babaga bari kumwe n’abandi bagabo bafite imihamagaro itandukanye. Igihe hari intumwa yatangije umurimo, na we ashobora gufasha mu gihe havutse ikibazo runaka mu itorero aho umukuru w’itorero yataye umurongo. Iyo abapastori b’itorero dini bayobye, igihe cyose hazavuka ibibazo bikomeye bitewe n’imiterere y’itorero. Hari urusengero na za gahunda zitandukanye bigomba kubungabungwa. Ariko itorero ryo mu rugo rishobora guhita rishiraho ako kanya igihe pastori ayobye akava mu byizerwa. Abayoboke baryo bashobora guhita bigira mu rindi torero.
Ubutware Mu Murimo
(Authority to Serve)
Kuba Imana iha pastori ubutware bw’umwuka n’ubw’ubuyobozi mu itorero ayoboye, ntibimuha uburenganzira bwo gukandamiza umukumbi aragiye. Ntabwo ari Mwami wabo–Yesu ni we Mwami wabo. Si umukumbi we–ni umukumbi w’Imana.
Muragire umukumbi w’Imana wo muri mwe mutawurinda nk’abahatwa, ahubwo muwurinde mubikunze nk’uko Imana ishaka atari ku bwo kwifuza indamu mbi, ahubwo ku bw’umutima ukunze kandi mudasa n’abatwaza igitugu abo mwagabanijwe, ahubwo mube ibyitegererezo by’umukumbi. Kandi umutahiza naboneka, muzahabwa ikamba ry’ubugingo ritangirika (1 Pet. 5:2-4).
Buri mupastori umunsi umwe imbere y’intebe y’urubanza ya Kristo azatanga raporo y’uko yakoze umurimo we.
Kandi, mu byerekeranye n’iby’imari, nta mupastori /umukuru w’itorero/umwepisikopi ukwiye kwihererana iby’umutungo. Niba hari amafaranga ahora atangwa cyangwa se atangwa rimwe na rimwe ku bw’impamvu runaka, abandi mu itorero baba bakwiye kubigenzura kugira ngo hatabaho gukoresha umutungo nabi (reba 2 Kor. 8: 18-23). Abo bashobora kuba ari nk’itsinda ry’abantu batowe cyangwa bashyizweho.
Guhemba Abakuru b’Itorero
(Paying Elders)
Biragaragara neza mu Byanditswe byera ko abakuru b’itorero /abepisikopi/abapasitori bagomba guhembwa, kuko baba bariyeguriye umurimo w’Imana mu Itorero. Pawulo yaranditse ati,
Abakuru b’itorero batwara neza batekerezwe ko bakwiriye guhabwa icyubahiro incuro ebyiri, ariko cyane cyane abarushywa no kuvuga Ijambo ry’Imana no kwigisha, kuko Ibyanditswe bivuga ngo, “Ntugahambire umunwa w’impfizi ihonyōra,” kandi ngo “Umukozi akwiriye guhembwa” (1 Tim. 5:17-18).
Birasobanutse neza–Pawulo akoresha ndetse ijambo guhembwa. Amagambo ye atumvikana neza ngo abakuru b’itorero batwara neza batekerezwe ko bakwiriye icyubahiro incuro ebyiri yumvikana neza kurushaho iyo urebye andi magambo biri kumwe. Mu mirongo iyabanjirije, Pawulo yanditse ku buryo bwumvikana neza inshingano y’itorero mu gufasha abapfakazi badafite ubundi bufasha, kandi avuga ibyo yatangije amagambo asa n’ariya: “Wubahe abapfakazi bari abapfakazi by’ukuri” (reba 1 Tim. 5:3-16). Ubwo rero muri ubwo buryo, “kubaha’ bivuze gufasha mu buryo bw’imibereho. Abakuru b’itorero batwara neza bakwiriye guhabwa icyubahiro incuro ebyiri, bahabwa nibura incuro ebyiri ibihabwa abapfakazi ndetse bakaba banarengerezwaho cyane cyane igihe bafite abana bagomba kurera.
Amatorero dini mu isi yose ashyigikira cyane abapastori bayo(ndetse no mu bihugu bikennye), ariko mu matorero menshi yo mu rugo hirya no hino mu isi, cyane cyane mu bihugu by’i Bulayi n’Amerika, si ko bimeze. Ariko nibwira ko, mu ruhande rumwe biterwa n’uko muri ibyo bihugu biteye imbere igituma abantu bajya mu matorero yo mu rugo ari uko mu mitima yabo baba barigometse mu mitima yabo, bakagenda bashakisha idini rya gikristo ku isi yose rishobora kutabasaba ko hari amafaranga batanga, nuko bakarisanga mu itorero ryo mu rugo. Bakavuga ngo bigiriye mu itorero ryo mu rugo kuko bashakaga guhunga ububata bwo mu itorero dini, ariko mu byukuri icyo bahungaga ari uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose bubasaba kwitanga kuri Kristo. Biboneye amatorero adasaba kwitanga mu buryo bw’amafaranga, amatorero atandukanye cyane n’icyo Kristo ashaka ku bigishwa be. Abo imana yabo ari amafaranga kandi bakabyerekanisha kwirundaniriza imitungo hano mu isi aho kuyibika mu ijuru ntabwo ari abigishwa ba Kristo nyakuri (reba Mat. 6:19-24; Luka 14:33). Iyo ubukristo bw’umuntu budafite aho buhuriye n’amafaranga ye, uwo muntu ntaba ari umukristo na gato.
Amatorero yo mu rugo avuga ko agendera kuri Bibiliya akwiye gushyigikira abapastoro bayo, kimwe no gufasha abakene no gushyigikira kujyana ubutumwa hirya no hino. Baba bakwiye kurusha cyane amatorero dini mu gutanga no mu bindi bintu byose bijyanye n’amafaranga, kuko bo nta nsengero baba bagomba gukodesha cyangwa abakozi b’itorero bashinzwe imishinga n’ibindi bagomba guhemba. Bisaba abantu icumi gusa kandi batagira ikindi batanga uretse icyacumi cyabo kugira ngo batunge umupastori umwe. Abantu icumi batanga 20% y’amafaranga binjiza bashobora gutunga neza umupastori umwe n’undi mumisiyoneri ufite imibereho yo ku rwego rumwe n’urwa pastori wabo.
Abapastori bakora iki?
(What do Pastors do?)
Tekereza ubajije umunyetorero usanzwe uti, “Ni inshingano ya nde gukora ibi bikurikira?”
Ni nde ugomba kubwira ubutumwa abatarakizwa? Kubaho akiranuka? Gusenga? Guhugura, gukomeza no gufasha abandi bakristo? Gusura abarwayi? Kurambika ibiganza ku barwayi akabasengera? Kwikorera imitwaro y’abandi? Gukoresha impano ze ku bw’itorero? Kwiyanga akitangira ubwami bw’Imana? Guhindura abantu abigishwa akababatiza kandi akabigisha kwitondera ibyo Kristo yategetse byose?
Abanyetorero benshi basubiza badashidikanyije na gato bati, “Izo zose ni inshingano za pastori.” Ariko se ni byo koko?
Dukurikije Ibyanditswe byera, buri mwizera wese agomba kubwiriza ubutumwa abatarakizwa:
Ahubwo mwubahe Kristo mu mitima yanyu ko ari we Mwami, kandi muhore mwiteguye iteka gusubiza umuntu wese ubabajije impamvu z’ibyiringiro mufite, ariko mufite ubugwaneza mwubaha (1 Pet. 3:15).
Buri mwizera wese agomba kubaho ubuzima bwejejwe:
Ahubwo nk’uko uwabahamagaye ari uwera, abe ari ko namwe muba abera mu ngeso zanyu zose. Kuko byanditswe ngo, “Muzabe abera kuko ndi uwera ” (1Pet. 1:15-16)
Buri mukristo wese agomba gusenga:
Mwishime iteka, musenge ubudasiba (1 Tes. 5:16-17).
Buri mwizera agomba guhugura abandi, akabakomeza kandi akabafasha:
Kandi turabahugura bene Data, kugira ngo mucyahe abica gahunda, mukomeze abacogora, mufashe abadakomeye, mwihanganire bose (1Tes. 5:14).
Buri mukristo agomba gusura abarwayi:
Nari nambaye ubusa muranyambika, nari ndwaye muransūra, nari mu nzu y’imbohe muza kundeba (Mat. 25:36).
Izindi Nshingano
(More Responsibilities)
Ariko si ibyo gusa. Buri mwizera agomba kurambika ibiganza kubarwayi akabakiza:
Kandi ibimenyetso bizagumana n’abizera ng’ibi: bazirukana abadayimoni mu izina ryanjye, bazavuga indimi nshya, bazafata inzoka, kandi nibanywa ikintu kica ntacyo kizabatwara na hato, bazarambika ibiganza ku barwayi bakire (Mariko 16:17-18).
Buri mwizera agomba kwikorerera bagenzi be imitwaro:
Mwakirane ibibaremerera, kugira ngo abe ari ko musohoza amategeko ya Kristo (Gal. 6:2).
Buri mwizera wese agomba gukoresha impano ze ku bw’abandi:
Nuko kuko dufite impano zitandukanye nk’uko ubuntu twahawe buri, niba twarahawe ubuhanuzi duhanure uko kwizera kwacu kungana, cyangwa niba twarahawe umurimo wo kugabura iby’Imana tugire umwete wo kubigabura, cyangwa uwigisha agire umwete wo kwigisha, cyangwa uhugura agire umwete wo guhugura. Ugira ubuntu abugire atikanyiza, utwara atwarane umwete, ugira imbabazi azigire anezerewe (Rom. 12:6-8).
Buri mukristo wese agomba kwiyanga, akitangira ubutumwa bwiza:
Ahamagara abantu n’abigishwa be arababwira ati, “Umuntu nashaka kunkurikira niyiyange, yikorere umusaraba we ankurikire. Kuko ushaka kurengera ubugingo bwe azabubura, kandi utita ku bugingo bwe ku bwanjye no ku bw’ubutumwa bwiza azabukiza” (Mariko 8:34-35).
Kandi buri mwizera agomba guhindura abantu abigishwa akababatiza, abigisha kwitondera ibyo Kristo yategetse:
Nuko uzica rimwe ryo muri ayo mategeko n’aho ryaba ryoroshye hanyuma y’ayandi, akigisha abandi kugira batyo, mu bwami bwo mu ijuru azitwa mutoya rwose. Ariko uzayakora akayigisha abandi, mu bwami bwo mu ijuru azitwa mukuru (Mat. 5:19).
Kandi nubwo mwari mukwiriye kuba abigisha ubu kuko mumaze igihe kirekire mwiga, dore musigaye mukwiriye kongera kwigishwa namwe iby’ishingiro rya mbere ry’ibyavuzwe n’Imana, kandi mwahindutse abakwiriye kuramizwa amata aho kugaburirwa ibyokurya bikomeye (Heb. 5:12).
Nuko mugende muhindure abantu bo mu mahanga yose abigishwa, mubabatiza mu izina rya Data wa twese n’Umwana n’Umwuka Wera, mubigisha kwitondera ibyo nababwiye byose. Kandi dore ndi kumwe namwe iminsi yose kugera ku mperuka y’isi (Mat. 28:19-20).[2]
Izi nshingano zose zahawe buri mwizera wese, ariko abanyetorero benshi bumva ko iyi mirimo yahawe abapasitori gusa! Impamvu ni uko ahari n’abapastori ubwabo akenshi batekereza ko izi ari inshingano zabo gusa.
None se Abapastori bagomba gukora iki?
(So What are Pastors Supposed to do?)
Niba izi nshingano zose ari iza buri mwizera, noneho abapasitori bagomba gukora iki? Nta kindi, bahamagariwe gusa guha ubushobozi abera ngo babashe gukora izo nshingano zose (reba Ef. 4:11-12). Bahamagariwe kwigisha abera kwitondera ibyo Kristo yategetse byose (reba Mat. 28:19-20) bakoresheje kwigisha no kuba ibyitegererezo (reba 1 Tim. 3:2; 4:12-13; 5:17; 2 Tim. 2:2; 3:16-4:4; 1Pet. 5:1-4).
Nta kundi Bibiliya yari kubisobanura neza birenze aho. Umurimo wa pastori uko Bibiliya iwuvuga si uguteranya abantu benshi bashoboka mu materaniro yo ku cyumweru mu gitondo mu rusengero. Ahubwo ni “ukumurikira Imana umuntu wese amaze gutunganirizwa rwose muri Kristo” (Kolo 1:28). Abapasitori Bibiliya yemera si abavuga ibintu byo kuryohera amatwi y’abantu (reba 2 Tim. 4:3); ahubwo bigisha ijambo ry’Imana, batoza abantu, barahugura, barahana, baratesha, baracyaha, kandi byose bishingiye ku Ijambo ry’Imana (reba 2 Tim. 3:16-4:4).
Pawulo yashyize ku rutonde mu rwandiko rwe rwa mbere yandikiye Timoteyo ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu akore umurimo w’umupasitori. Ibintu cumi na bine muri cumi na bitanu bisabwa byose bijyanye n’imyifatire ye, bikagaragaza ko ikitegererezo imibereho ye itanga ari cyo cy’ingenzi cyane:
Iri jambo ni iryo kwizerwa ngo “umuntu nashaka kuba umwepisikopi, aba yifuje umurimo mwiza.” Nuko umwepisikopi akwiriye kuba inyangamugayo, no kuba umugabo w’umugore umwe, abe udakunda ibisindisha, wirinda, ugira gahunda mu kubaho kwe, ukunda gucumbikira abashyitsi, ufite ubwenge bwo kwigisha, utari umunywi wa vino cyangwa umunyarukoni, ahubwo abe umugwaneza utarwana, utari umukunzi w’impiya, utegeka neza abo mu rugo rwe, agatera abana be kumvira no kubaha rwose. (Mbese utazi gutegeka abo mu rugo rwe yabasha ate kurinda itorero ry’Imana?) Kandi ntakwiriye kuba uhindutse umukristo vuba, kugira ngo atikakaza akagwa, agacirwaho iteka Satani yaciriwe ho. Kandi akwiriye gushimwa neza n’abo hanze, kugira ngo adahinyuka akagwa mu mutego wa Satani (1 Tim. 3:1-7).
Iyo ugereranyije ibi bisabwa n’ibyo amatorero dini ashyira ku rutonde iyo ashaka umupasitori bigaragaza ikibazo cy’ibanze amatorero menshi afite. Bashaka umuyobozi w’abakozi/uzi gushimisha abantu/uvuga disikuru ngufi/umutegetsi/umuhanga mu by’imitekerereze/umuyobozi w’ibikorwa na gahunda zitandukanye/uzi gushakisha imali akamenya kwitangisha abantu/incuti ya bose, uzi gusābāna/ukora cyane. Bashaka umuntu “ukora umurimo w’itorero.” Nyamara umwepisikopi mu buryo bwa Bibiliya, mbere y’ibindi byose agomba kuba ari umuntu w’imyifatire y’intangarugero kandi wiyeguriye Kristo, umugaragu nyakuri, kuko intego ye iba ari uguhindura abandi bantu nka we. Aba agomba gushobora kubwira umukumbi ayoboye ato, “Mugere ikirenge mu cyanjye, nk’uko nanjye nkigera mu cya Kristo” (1 Kor. 11:1).
Ushaka gukomeza gukurikirana neza icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku murimo w’umupasitori, reba n’Ibyak. 20:28-31; 1 Tim. 5:17-20; na Tito 1:5-9.
Umurimo w’Umudiyakoni
(The Office of Deacon)
Mu gusoza reka mvuge gato ku badiyakoni. Umuhamagaro w’umudiyakoni ni wo muhamagaro wundi wonyine uboneka mu itorero, kandi ntabwo uri muri ya mihamagaro uko ari itanu. Abadiyakoni nta butware bwo kuyobora itorero bafite nk’abakuru b’itorero. Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki risobanurwa umudiyakoni ni diakonos, kandi risobanura “umugaragu.”
Ba bantu barindwi batorewe umurimo wo kugaburira abapfakazi mu itorero ry’i Yerusalemu bivugwa ko ari bo babaye abadiyakoni ba mbere (reba Ibyak 6:1-6). Batowe n’itorero bahabwa inshingano n’intumwa. Nibura babiri muri bo, Filipo na Sitefano, nyuma Imana yaje kubazamura mu ntera baba abavugabutumwa bakomeye.
Abadiyakoni kandi bavugwa muri 1 Timoteyo 3:8-13 no mu Abafilipi 1:1. Bigaragara ko uyu murimo ushobora gukorwa n’umugabo cyangwa umugore (reba 1 Tim. 3:11).
[1] Ubu ni ubundi buryo gusa bwo kuvuga ngo, “Kugira ngo bahindure abantu abigishwa ba Yesu Kristo.”
[2] Iyo abigishwa ba Yesu bigishaga abigishwa babo ibyo yategetse byose, baba barigishije abigishije abigishwa babo guhindura abantu abigishwa na bo, bakababatiza kandi bakabigisha kwitondera ibyo Kristo yategetse byose. Nuko rero guhindura abantu abigishwa, kubabatiza no kubigisha ryari kuba itegeko ry’uruhererekane rihoraho rikurikizwa na buri mwigishwa nyawe.