Kwizonsesha ni kwiyima indya n’ico kunywa/ cank’ico kunywa gusa ikiringo runaka.
Bibiliya ivuga uturorero twinshi tw’abantu bisonzesheje. Bamwe biyimye kurya indya zose, abandi bifunga indya zimwe barya kanaka gusa igihe cose co kwisonzesha kwabo. Akarorero k’ivyo vya kabiri ni amasengesho y’indwi zitatu Daniyeli yagize, aho atarya “indya ziryoshe…inyama cank’umuvinyu” (Dan. 10:3).
Hari uturorero dukeya tw’abantu bifunze indya n’amazi, arik’ubu bwoko bwo kwisonzesha bwagirwa gake kabaho kandi utegerezwa kuba urongowe n’Imana ngo wisonzeshe imisi irenga itatu. Igihe Mose, yisonzesha imisi mirongwine atarya atanywa, yari imbere y’Imana, gushika n’aho ishusho ryiwe rica ibibatsi (raba Kuv. 34:28-29). Yarasubiye kwisonzesha imisi 40 ubugira kabiri (raba Gus. 9:9, 18). Yategekwa n’Imana kwisonzesha, kandi ntawushobora kwigane Mose adategetswe n’Imana. Ntibishoboka, kiretse Imana ubwayo ibigutegetse, k’umuntu ababandanya kubaho atanywa amazi imisi mikeya gusa. Gukama amazi mu mubiri birica. Abantu bafise amagara meza barashobora kubandanya kubaho imishamvu mikeya gusa.
Ni Kuki Twisonzesha? (Why Fast?)
Ukwisonzesha gufise inyungu zibiri, gusenga no kurondera ubugombe bw’Imana. Nta hantu na hamwe uzobona muri Bibiliya abantu bisonzesha nyakuri batariko barasenga. Nta nyungu yo kwisonzesha utariko urasenga.
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Uturorero tubiri two kwisonzesha dusanga mu vyakozwe n’intumwa, twerekana ugusenga. Akarorero ka mbere (raba Ivyak. 13:1-3), intumwa n’abigisha i Antiyokiya bariko “barasenga no kwisonzesha.” Igihe babikora, bararonse uguhishurirwa batuma Paulo na Barunaba kuvuga ubutumwa. Akarorero ka kabiri, Paulo na Barunaba bariko bagena abakuru b’ishengero mu mashengero mashasha y’i Galatiya. Ni ho dusomako,
Kandi bamaze kubatorera abakuru mu mashengero yose, no gusenga bisonzesha, babaragiza Umwami Yesu uwo bizeye (Ivyak. 14:23).
Birashoboka ko mu karorero ka kabiri, Paulo na Barunaba bariko bigana Yesu, kuko yasenze ijoro ryose imbere yo kugenaa za ntumwa cumi na zibiri (raba Luka 6:12). Ingingo ngenderwako, imbere yo kugena abarongozi mu vy’impwemu, utegerezwa gusenga gushika wemezwe neza ko utahuye ubugombe bw’Umwami. Uko kwisonzesha kurangwa n’ugusenga umwanya munini. Nimba Isezerano Rishasha ritegekakw’ababiranye birinda gatoya kugira baronke umwanya wo gusenga (raba 1Kor. 7:5), turashobora gutahura iciza co kwirinda kurya.
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Rero igihe dusaba Imana kuturongora imbere yo gufata ingingo mu mpwemu, ukwisonzesha kurafasha cane mur’ico gihe. Gusengera ibindi bintu bishobora kugirwa mu mwanya mutoya. Ntidukeneye kwisonzesha, igihe tugomba kugira isengesho rya Data wa twese. Gusaba kurongorwa n’Imana ni vyo bifata umwanya munini kuko “tudatahura cane ijwi ry’Imana,” kukw’ijwi ry’Imana rizimagizwa n’amajwi y’ivyo duhahamira n’izindi ntumbero mbi, canke kuko tutagira umwete. Kumenyeshwa ubugombe bw’Imana birashobora gufata umwanya muremure wo gusenga, aho ni ho kwisonzesha gukenerwa cane.
Kandi, gufata umwanya wo gusenga mu ntumbero nziza vyungura impwemu. Ni co gituma, twofata ukwisonzesha nk’inzira nziza yo kwikomeza no gushobozwa mu mpwemu—igihe cose ukwisonzesha kwacu kurangwa no gusenga. Dusoma mu gitabo c’ivyakozwe n’intumwa kw’intumwa za mbere zitaho “gusenga no kwigisha ijambo” (Ivyak. 6:4). Ivyo biduhishurira ibanga ry’ubushobozi n’inkomezi zabo.
Ukwisonzesha Kubi (Wrong Reasons to Fast)
Ko tumaze gushiraho itanguriro ryiza ryo kwisonzesha mw’Isezerano Rishasha, reka turabe rero intumbero zo kwisonzesha ivyanditswe bitemera.
Abantu benshi basenga biyumvirako Imana ica ibaha inyishu buno nyene. Yesu, yatubwiye yukw’ikintu ca mbere gituma amasengesho yacu yishurwa ni ukwizera, si ukwisonzesha (raba Mat. 21:22). Ukwisonzesha “ntiguhindura ukuboko kw’Imana,” kandi s’ukubwira Imana ngo, “Mana n’Utishura amasengesho yanje ndiyica n’inzara!” ukwo s’ukwisonzesha Bibiliya yemera—uko n’ukwiyahura! Ibukako Dawidi yasenze yisonzesha imisi itari mike ng’umwana yavyaye kuri Betisheba akire, arik’umwana yarapfuye kukw’Imana yarikw’ihana Dawidi. Ukwisonzesha kwiwe ntikwahinduye ikintu na kimwe. Dawidi ntiyasenze mu kwizera kukw’ata sezerano yar’afise ahagararako . Yisonzesheje asaba igihushanye c’ubugombe bw’Imana. Ivyo tubibwirwa n’inyishu yahawe.
Ukwisonzesha si ko kuzana ikanguro. Nta karorero na kamwe kabitwereka mw’Isezerano Rishasha. Ahubwo, intumwa zumviye Yesu ziravuga ubutumwa gusa. Igisagara canse kubakira, baca bumvira Yesu, bagakunkumura umukungugu w’ibirenge vyabo bakibandaniriza mu gisagara gikurikira (raba Luka 9:5; Ivyak. 13:49-51). Ntibaca biherera ngo bisonzeshe, basangangure “ibisika vy’ugarije impwemu zaho hantu,” ngo ni vyo bizana ikanguro. Nk’uko twabivuze, ukwisonzesha kurimwo ugusenga ni kwo gufasha abariko baravuga ubutumwa, bigatuma baba abakozi b’ikanguro. Abahizi mu kwizera dusoma muri kahise k’Ishengero bari abagore n’abagabo bisonzesha no gusenga.
Kwisonzesha s’”ukunesha umubiri,” kuko kurya ata caha kirimwo, ahubwo “ibikorwa vya kameremere” nk’uko bivugwa mu Bagalatiya 5:19-21. Kwisonzesha bituma umuntu ashobora kuganza umubiri wiwe, kandi ni ivyo biratuma turongorwa na Mpwemu.
Kwisonzesha ngo werekane ko uri umunyampwemu canke werekane ko ukunda Imana ni uguta umwanya kandi ni uburyarya. Ni co catuma Abafarisayo bisonzesha, kandi ni co catuma Yesu arabahambarira cane (raba Mat. 6:16; 23:5).
Abandi bisonzesha kugira ngo baneshe Satani. N’ivyo si vyo. Ivyanditswe bisezeranako turwanya Satani mu kwizera ijambo ry’Imana, na we agahunga (raba Yak. 4:7; 1Pet. 5:8-9). Nta kwisonzesha dukenera ngaho.
Yesu ntiyavuzeko hari abadayimoni bukurwa no “gusenga no kwisonzesha”?
Ivyo yabivuze igihe hari umuntu ategerezwa kubohorwa ubwoko kanaka bw’abada-yimoni, ariko ntibisigura ko dutegerezwa kwisonzesha ngo turonke inkomezi zo kunesha impyampi Satani aturasa, kukw’abizera bose barwana iyo ntambara.
None ayo majambo ya Yesu ntavugako dutegerezwa kwisonzesha tuneshe abadayimoni?
Ibuka yukw’igihe Yesu yumvakw’abigishwa biwe bananiwe gusenda umudayimoni yiganziye wa mwana babazanira, ikintu ca mbere ca mubabaje ni ukwizera guke bari bafise (Mat. 17:17). Igihe abigishwa bamubajije icatumye bananirwa, yabishuye yuko ari ukwizera kwabo guke (raba Mat. 17:20). Ni ho yongerako akandi kajambo ati, “[Ariko ben’urya ntakurwamwo n’ikindi atar’ugusenga no kwisonzesha” (Mat. 17:21). Iri jambo ryashizwe mu twamugina kuko ritari mu vyanditswe vy’injili ya Matayo. Uwanditse Bibiliya y’icongereza ( New American Standard Version, kandi yubahwa cane mu bavuga icongereza) yerekana kw’iryo jambo ritari mu vyanditswe vya kera, bishobokako Yesu atavuze yuko “ben’urya ntakurwamwo n’ikindi atar’ugusenga no kwisonzesha.” Abavuga icongereza bafise insobanuro zitandukanye za Bibiliya mu rurimi rwabo, arikw’izo nsobanuro zose ntiziva ku nyandiko za kera z’Igiheburayo n’Ikigiriki. Basobanura Bibiliya yitwa King James Version, iyo nsobanuro imaze imyaka amajana ane.
Mu njili yanditswe na Mariko mu zindi Bibiliya z’icongereza, Yesu yavuze iryo jambo ukundi, “Arabishura, ati Ben’irya ntikurwamwo n’ikindi atar’ugusenga (Mariko 9:29), arikw’izindi Bibiliya zongeyeko no “kwisonzesha.”
Nimba Yesu yaravuze ayo majambo koko, ntibituma twiyumvirako kwisonzesha bishoboza umuntu gusenda abadayimoni. Yesu ahaye umuntu ububasha bwo gukuramw’abadayimoni, nk’uko yabuhaye bamwe cumi na babiri (raba Mat. 10:1), biba bikoretse. Ukwisozensha ntigushobora kuzana canke kugwiza ubwo bubasha. Kwisonzesha guha umuntu akaryo keza ko gusenga, agateza intumbwe yo kwumviriza neza umutima wiwe. Ukwizera kwiwe kubandanya gukura mu bubasha yahawe.
Menya neza ko nimba Yesu yaravuze iryo jambo koko, yavuze ku bwoko bumwe bw’idayimoni. N’aho abigishwa ba Yesu bananiwe rimwe gusenda uyo mudayimoni, barashoboye gusenda ayandi madayimoni batisonzesheje (raba Luka 10:17).
Bisigura yuko tudakwiye kwisonzesha ngo tuneshe imyampi Satani adutera.
Gushimikira cane Kuvyo Kwisonzesha (Overemphasis Regarding Fasting)
Birababaje kubona hari abakristo bagize ukwisonzesha idini. Ukwisonzesha kwarafashe ikibanza kinini cane mu bukristo bwabo. Nta cete na kimwe co mw’Isezerano Rishasha kidutegeka kwisonzesha.
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Nta tegeko abizera bahawe rivuga ingene umuntu ashobora kwisonzesha cank’igihe twomara mu masengesho. Nta n’akamo ko kwisonzesha twahawe. Vyerekana yuko kwisonzesha kudafise ikibanza kinini cane mu gukurikira Yesu.
Mw’isezerano rya Kera, huzuyemwo ivyo kwisonzesha. Yari amaborogo y’igihe hapfuye umuntu canke bashaka kwihana hamwe n’igihe umuntu canke igihugu gikeneye gutabarwa (raba Abac. 20:24-28; 1Sam. 1:7-8; 7:1-6; 31:11-13; 2 Sam. 1:12; 12:15-23; 1Abami. 21:20-29; 2 Ngom. 20:1-3; Ezira 8:21-23; 10:1-6; Neh. 1:1-4; 9:1-2; Est. 4:1-3, 15-17; Zab. 35:13-14; 69:10; Yes. 58:1-7; Dan. 6:16-18; 9:1-3; Yow. 1:13-14; 2:12-17; Yona 3:4-10; Zak. 7:4-5). Ivyo rero nivyo biharawe muri iki gihe cacu.
N’Isezerano rya Kera ubwaro ryigishako abisonzesha batumvira ivyagezwe nyamukuru nko gufasha aboro, ibiruhiriza ubusa (raba Yes. 58:1-12; Zak. 7:1-14).
Nta wobeshera Yesu ko yamamaje ukwisonzesha. Abafarisayo bamurwanya kukw’ati sonzesha (raba Mat. 9:14-15). Yesa yabarwanya kuko ukwisonzesha bakurutisha amategeko yo mu mpwemu (raba Mat. 23:23; Luka 18:9-12).
Ahandi na ho, Yesu yabwiye abigishwa biwe ibijanye no kwisonzesha muri ya nsiguro yiwe yo ku musozi. Yabategetse kwisonzesha ku ntumbero nziza, bisigurako har’igihe abigishwa biwe bategerezwa kwisonzesha. Yarabasezeranye yukw’Imana izokwishura ukwisonzesha kwabo. Na we yarisonzesha mu buryo kanaka (raba Mat. 17:21). Kandi yaravuzekw’igihe kirashitse aho abigishwa biwe bazokwisonzesha (raba Luka 5:34-35).
Mbeg’Umuntu Yokwisonzesha Imisi Ingahe? (How Long Should One Fast?)
Nk’uko nabivuze, ukwisonzesha kw’imisi mirongwine dusanga muri Bibiliya kwa tegekwa n’Imana gusa. Twabonyeko Mose y’isonzesheje incuro zibiri imisi mirongwine kuko yari imbere y’Imana. Eliya na we yarisonzesheje iyo misi, ariko yabanje gufungurirwa n’umumarayika imbere y’aho (raba 1Abami 19:5-8). N’ukwisonzesha kwa Yesu imisi mirongwine kwarimwo ibintu bidasanzwe. Yajanywe na Mpwemu Yera kwisonza. Yageragejwe ukudasanzwe igihe Satani yabonye kw’agomba guheza uko kwisonzesha. Yaragendewe n’abamarayika imbere yo kurangiza uko kwisonzesha kwiwe (raba Mat. 4:1-11). Imisi mirongwine s’itegeko rya Bibiliya.
N’igihe umuntu yifunze gufungura rimwe arondera Imana, aba yisonzesheje. Iciyumviro co kuvuga yuko ukwisonzesha ari imisi umara udafungura si co.
Twa turorero tubiri two kwisonzesha turi mu vyakozwe n’intumwa (raba Ivyak. 13:1-3; 14:23), ntiyari imisi myinshi. Bashobora kuba barafungura rimwe gusa.
Kukw’intumbero yo kwisonzesha ari ukurondera Umwami, impanuro yanje n’uko wokwisonzesha imisi ushaka, gushika igihe uronka uco urondera ku Mana.
Ibukako kwisonzesha atari ugutegeka Imana. Ukwisonzesha ni ukwumviriza Mpwemu Yera mu mutima wawe. Imana ivugana n’abayo bisonzesheje canke batisonzesheje. Ingorane dufise n’uko tugomba gusubiriza ubugombe bw’Imana n’ubw’i wacu.
Impanuro Ngenderwako (Some Practical Advice)
Kwisonzesha biruhisha umubiri mu nzira imwe cank’iyindi. Umuntu arashobora kugira intege nke, uburuhe, kuribwa umutwe, gusesemwa, no kubabara umutima, kuribwa mu nda, n’ibindi. K’umuntu anywa i kawa, icayi, cank’ibindi binyobwa bifise i kawa, bimwe mur’ivyo bimenyetso bitumwa n’uko yahagaritsee kunywa i kawa. Abo bantu bategerezwa kwirinda ivyo binyobwa imisi mikeya imbere yo gutangura kwisonzesha. Umuntu amenyereye kwisonzesha igihe kanaka, asanga arushirizaho kumenyera, n’aho ashobora kugira intege nke indwi imwe canke zibiri.
Umuntu arashobora kwitwararika kunywa amazi menshi igihe co kwisonzesha kwiwe kugira ngo ntabure amazi mu mubiri.
Mu kurangiza, umuntu ategerezwa kugenda buhorobuhoro. Uko ukwisonzesha gufata imisi myinshi, ni ko uyo muntu ategerezwa gusozera neza ukwisonzesha kwiwe. Igihe inda y’umuntu idaheruka kurya ibifungurwa bigumye nk’imisi itatu, ni bibi cane gutangurira ku ndya zigumye cane. Ategerezwa gutangurira ku ndya zoroshe hamwe n’ibinyobwa biva mu vyamwa. Ukwisonzesha imisi myinshi gufata imisi kugira ng’umuntu atangure kurya indya zigumye, ariko kutarya incuro zibiri cank’imwe ntigusaba ibintu vyinshi igihe co kurangiza.
Abantu benshi, nanje ndimwo, biyumvira yuko ukwisonzesha kutababaza umubiri cane kuzana amagara meza kurusha. ndamaze kwumva intahe z’abantu bisonzesheje barwaye bakaronka gukira. Kwisonzesha kuraruhurira kandi kwoza umubiri. Ni co gituma ukwisonzesha kwa mbere ari kwo kugora cane. Abatar’igera bisonzesha bamenyeko bakeneye kwoza imibiri yabo mu kwisonzesha.
Inzara ihera hagati y’umusi wa kabiri n’uwa kane igihe umuntu yisonzesha. Igihe usubiye kugira inzara (kenshi n’inyuma y’indwi nkeya), ni ikimenyetso co kurangiza ukwisonzesha kwawe, kuk’umubiri uba utanguye kwinunuza ivyunyunyu biwugize. Ivyanditswe bivugako Yesu yashonje ku musi ugira mirongwine yisonzesha aca arahagarika (raba Mat. 4:2).
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Ndamaze kwisonzesha imisi ndwi ata nyungu. Vyatumwe n’intumbero mbi narimfise n’aho nafashe akanya gakwiye ko gusenga.
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Bibiliya yitwa King James Version kuri 1 Korinto 7:5 ivugak’umugore n’umugabo bategerezwa kwumvikana kugira baronke akanya ko kwisonzesha no gusenga.” Insobanuro nyinshi z’icongereza zivuga akanya ko gusenga, ntizivuga k’ukwisonzesha.
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Paulo gusa ni we avuga ku vyo kwisonzesha kw’abubatse muri 1 Kor. 7:5, ariko mu nsobanuro zose za Bibiliya z’icongereza iryo jambo turisanga muri Bibiliya y’icongereza yitwa King James Version. Ukwisonzesha kudatumwe n’ugushaka kw’umuntu tugusanga mu Vyak. 27:21, 33-34, 1 Kor. 4:11 na 2 Kor. 6:5; 11:27. Uko kwisonzesha s’uko mu mpwemu. Kugirwa kuko umuntu yabuze ivyo kurya canke ari mu bihe bibi.